1、天道酬勤高考英语写作失分原因分析陈才对书面表达中的常见错误，考生应该熟知并躲避，在考试中沉着应考，细心应对，力求书面表达做到“全、准、雅、顺。书面表达中的主要失分点有以下三个方面。一、拼写错误，表达随意标点符号与大小写的常见错误如下：1.某些专有名词应该大写而没有大写。或将某些词误作专有名词大写的情况。如：There is a temple on the Top of the mountain.应为：There is a temple on the top of the mountain.2.句子中不使用任何标点符号，从而无法区分句子的结构。如：I got up early this morn
2、ing went to the school and cleaned the classroom.應为：I got up early this morning，went to the school and cleaned the classroom.3.句子的结尾随意打点，句子散乱。如：Li Ming didnt come to the school.Because he was ill oday.这两句有因果关系，应用逗号将两句连起来，所以应改为：Li Ming didntcometothe school，be-cause he was ill today.4.用冒号代替逗号。在英语书信开头
3、出现“DearTom：，应为“Dear Tom.。5.使用英语中没有的标点符号。如用顿号来代替英语的标点符号。如：In the park，I saw some trees、flowers、birds、in-sects.应为：In the park，I saw some trees，flowers，birdsand insects.如用汉语中的书名号。英语中需要用引号来代替书名号。如：Can you lend meThe Arabian Nights？应为：Canyou lend me“The Arabian Nights？6.英语中的句号写法与汉语中的不同，英语中的句号是一个实心点，而汉语中用
4、圆圈。如：Having finished his homework，Xiao Li went home。应为：Having finished his homework，Xiao Li wenthome.以上种种错误都是误用标点或者滥用标点，另外还要注意大小写的问题，在写作完成后，检查全文时应注意以下几点：注意标题的大小写。标题开头第一个词的首字母要大写，除介词、冠词、连词以外，每个词的首字母都可大写。姓与名的第一个字母要大写。如：丁俊晖应写成Ding Junhui，不能写成Ding Jun Hui。专有名词中实词的首字母要大写。如the United States of America。英语中
5、还有些固定要大写首字母的名词，如大洲、大洋、江、河、国家、地名、星期几等。每句的句首字母要大写，句中非规定要大写的词不能大写。注意英语中标点的用法与写法，与汉语有不同之处。如汉语中表示省略用六个点，英语中只用三个点，而且必须下标，与前后各空一格：汉语中引用某人说话的原文时。往往首先在“说这个词之后加冒号。英语中这种情况下既可用冒号，又可以用逗号。二、搭配不当，用词不准确常用词和词组往往是由它们在运用中的频率与练习中的作用所决定的。对常用词和词组，考生在复习时的要求要高一些，即要能熟练、准确地掌握，自如地运用。要到达这一要求，考生首先要研究这些词和词组的真实含义与习惯表达法。在表达中，汉语的一个
6、字可组成各种词组，在英语中要用多种词组来表示，如：请假ask for leave，请人吃饭invite sb.for dinner，请问/劳驾excuse me，请人唱歌ask sb.to sing a song，请医生send sb.for a doc-tor，请随意help yourself。有些考生在写作时。常常把一些固定词组、习惯用语和固定句型错误搭配。结果写出来的句子让人看不懂。你愿意帮我个忙吗？误：Will you give me a favour？正：Will you do me a favour？析：“帮某人一个忙“给某人恩惠应是do sb.afavour。在回家的路上，史密斯
7、夫人的钱包被抢了。误：Mrs.Smiths wallet was robbed from her on her way home.正：Mrs.Smiths wallet was stolen from her on her way home.正：Mrs.Smiths wallet was robbed of her on her way home.析：“抢某人某物可译为“steal+某物+from+某人或某地或“rob+某人或某地+of+某物。你认为工程师的演讲怎么样？误：How do you think of the speech made bv the en-gineer？正：What d
8、o you think of the speech made by the engineer？析：本句出错的原因在于考生对Whatthink of的结构概念模糊，再加上母语的干扰。What在这一结构中作think的宾语。What do you think of还可以说成How do you like？How在句子中是疑问副词。作状语。三、结构混乱，成分残缺1.句子缺谓语一个句子至少包括主语和谓语两局部祈使句除外。如果把句子的某一个局部当成一个句子，就会导致句子不完整。误：The building like a match box.正：The building is/looks like a m
9、atch box.误：He told me that all my classmates sitting in the classroom.正：He told me that all my classmates were sitting in the classroom.两个各含有主语和谓语的分句不能写在一起，也不能只用逗号隔开。误：There were foreigners came to our school.正：There were foreigners who came to our school.误：The book was interesting，I read it rapidly
10、.正：The book was interesting；I read it rapidly.正：The book was interesting，and I read it rapidly.2.缺少主句有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊。所以出现只写从句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。误：Because the kids thought their wages were too low.正：Because the kids thought their wages were too low，they demanded a high pay.誤：While waiting for the bus.正
11、：While waiting for the bus.he talked with the lit-tle girl.3.be动词遗漏在主系表结构中。汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的。英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来承当谓语，如：“我累了。这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语中的形容词不能作谓语，一定要写成“Im tired。误：He will sure to come and help me.正：He will be sure to come and help me.4.介词、冠词遗漏还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法，所以会出现明显的错误，造成丢分。误：Because hi
12、s mistake several people died.正：Because of his mistake several people died.误：I have never seen such beautiful picture.正：I have never seen such a beautiful picture.5.修饰语错位英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能发生变化。对这一点不少考生往往重视不够，因而造成不必要的误解。如：I believe I can do it well and 1 will better know the world outside the campus.析：修饰语better的位置不当，应置于句末。责任编校/彭益
