1、Nutrition and Management of Sows During Gestation and Lactation妊娠和泌乳母猪的营养及管理妊娠和泌乳母猪的营养及管理Dr.Gary AlleeLarger litter size(12.5 born alive)产仔更多（产仔更多（12.5头活仔）头活仔）Higher milk yield and greater litter growth rate(2.5 3.5 kg/d)高产奶量和仔猪窝增重（高产奶量和仔猪窝增重（2.5-3.5 kg/d）Greater mature body size成年体型更大成年体型更大Change i
2、n body composition-less fat,more lean体组成改变（脂肪少、瘦肉多）体组成改变（脂肪少、瘦肉多）Reduced appetite食欲降低食欲降低Breeding female of today is very different than her counterpart of 20-30 years ago:现代种母畜与现代种母畜与20-30年前相比差别很大：年前相比差别很大：Our Sow Nutrition Program我们的母猪营养工作情况我们的母猪营养工作情况Understand the nutritional needs of modern sow
3、s during gestation and lactation了解现了解现代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量代母猪妊娠和泌乳的营养需要量Emphasis will be amino acid needs着重研究氨基酸的需要量着重研究氨基酸的需要量State of the art genetics and facilities优优良的遗传基因和良好的饲养设施良的遗传基因和良好的饲养设施Dedicated personnel long,long hours,attention to detail,slow progress优秀的科研人员优秀的科研人员长时间、更细致、更长久的研究长时间、更细致、更长久的
4、研究Very expensive must have partnerships to support花费昂贵花费昂贵需要合作单位的支持需要合作单位的支持Critical to our industry production and profitability,ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES对行业对行业很重要很重要生产、盈利、环境生产、盈利、环境Our Sow Nutrition Program我们的母猪营我们的母猪营养程序养程序Recognize the biological variation of the criteria measured,minimum N=50判断生物变异的
5、标准，最少动物数量：判断生物变异的标准，最少动物数量：N=50Understand potential parity differences了解不同胎次营养需求的差异了解不同胎次营养需求的差异Must evaluate subsequent reproductive performance评价后续的繁殖性能评价后续的繁殖性能Innovative Swine Solutions(ISS),LLC母猪营养的创新点（母猪营养的创新点（ISS），），LLC5,400 sow farm5,400头母猪猪场头母猪猪场Able to feed two gestation diets能饲喂两种妊娠日粮能饲喂两
6、种妊娠日粮Two farrowing rooms 112 crates for intensive lactation studies两个分娩房两个分娩房112个笼可供泌乳期试验个笼可供泌乳期试验Howema computerized feeding system使用使用Howema电脑饲喂控制系统电脑饲喂控制系统Individual daily sow feed intake能实现母猪个体每日采食量的记录能实现母猪个体每日采食量的记录Subsequent reproductive performance后续繁殖性能后续繁殖性能Gestation妊娠Gestation妊娠Weighing of
7、 the Animals 称重Sow Scale母猪评分母猪评分Weighing of the Animals 称重Baby Pig Scale 仔猪称重仔猪称重Breeding Gilt Goals初产母猪繁育目标初产母猪繁育目标Weight at breeding 135 150 kg配种体配种体重达到重达到135-150 kg2ndor 3rdrecorded estrus第第2或第或第3次发情记录次发情记录12.5 total born12.5头总产仔数头总产仔数85%farrowing rate85%分娩率分娩率31.132.333.132.832.829.030.031.032.0
8、33.034.0170Weight at first breedingTotal born over 3 paritiesTotal born over 3 parities according to breeding weight分娩分娩3胎以上产仔总数与母猪的配种体重的关系胎以上产仔总数与母猪的配种体重的关系Source:Williams et al,2005资料来源：资料来源：Willians等，等，2005第一次配种体重第一次配种体重分娩分娩3胎以上总胎以上总仔猪数仔猪数68.868.5615658606264666870130-150151-170171-200Breeding we
9、ight(kg)Retention by 3 parities(%)Effect of Breeding Weight on Retention Rate to 3rdParity配种体重配种体重对母对母猪存猪存留至留至第第3次分娩比例次分娩比例的的影响影响Source:Amaral Filha,unpublished data(2008)AI 211 d143 kgAI 219 d160 kgAI 225 d177 kg0246810121416130-150151-170171-200Breeding weight(kg)Culling Reason(%)LocomotionReprodu
10、ctiveOtherabc配种体重（配种体重（kg）配种体重（配种体重（kg）资料来源资料来源：Amaral Filha，未发表数据（未发表数据（2008）移动移动繁殖繁殖其他其他3胎存留率（胎存留率（%）淘汰率（淘汰率（%）Body Condition Score体况评分体况评分15432Thin过瘦过瘦Normal正常正常Fat过肥过肥Goals Gestation妊娠目标妊娠目标1 The goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-90%of the gestating sows in normal cond
11、ition by 5 weeks of gestation妊妊娠营养目娠营养目标为第标为第5周母猪妊娠率达到周母猪妊娠率达到85-90%且体况正常且体况正常Body Score 2.5-3.5 体况评分为体况评分为2.5-3.52 Avoid fat sows防止母猪过肥防止母猪过肥Reduces feed intake in lactation控制泌乳期的采食量控制泌乳期的采食量Control Energy Intake控制能量摄入控制能量摄入Over Feeding Causes:过量采食会导致：过量采食会导致：Unnecessary expenses增加不必要花费增加不必要花费Incre
12、ases embryonic mortality增加死胎率增加死胎率Reduces mammary development影响乳腺发育影响乳腺发育Increase sow mortality and culling rate增加母猪死亡率和淘汰率增加母猪死亡率和淘汰率Reduces lactation feed intake 减少泌乳期的采食减少泌乳期的采食Control Energy Intake控制能量摄入控制能量摄入Under Feeding Causes:饲喂量不足会导致饲喂量不足会导致Decrease in pig birth weight降低仔猪初生重降低仔猪初生重PWM 断奶前死
13、亡断奶前死亡Decrease milk production降低泌乳量降低泌乳量Poor reproductive performance影响繁殖性能影响繁殖性能Changes in AA Needs During Gestation妊娠期氨基酸需要的改变妊娠期氨基酸需要的改变Maintenance and growth in case of gilts初产母猪的维持和生长初产母猪的维持和生长Growth of fetus and associated tissues胎儿及相关组织的生长胎儿及相关组织的生长Mammary tissue乳腺发育乳腺发育Fetal Protein Accretio
14、n胎儿蛋白沉积胎儿蛋白沉积McPherson et al.,2004妊娠天数妊娠天数胎儿的蛋白量，胎儿的蛋白量，gProtein in Mammary Gland乳腺中的蛋白乳腺中的蛋白Ji,2004Protein,g/gland蛋白，蛋白，g/g腺体腺体Day of Gestation泌乳天数泌乳天数24.5424.8227.6325.2720222426283050-6060-7070-8080-90Stage of gestation,dN retained(g/d)Exp 5.N retention during different stages of gestation(d 50-9
15、0)in parity 1 sows试验试验5 第第1胎妊娠母猪不同阶段（胎妊娠母猪不同阶段（d=50-90）的）的N沉积沉积Stage of gestation effect P=0.0038;SEM=0.72妊娠阶段影响P=0.0038;SEM=0.72cccd妊娠阶段，妊娠阶段，d氮沉积（氮沉积（g/d）Overall Objectives Gestation妊娠总目标妊娠总目标To determine the lysine requirement of gilts during different stages of pregnancy确定母猪不同妊娠阶段赖氨酸需要量确定母猪不同妊娠阶
16、段赖氨酸需要量Evaluate the use of synthetic lysine inclusion during gestation评估妊娠期合成赖氨酸的使用效果评估妊娠期合成赖氨酸的使用效果Objective 目标目标Evaluate the minimum lysine intake to maximize N retention in todays commercial dam-line gilts:实现现代母猪最大氮沉积的赖氨酸最低需要量实现现代母猪最大氮沉积的赖氨酸最低需要量Early gestation day 40-50 妊娠早期妊娠早期40-50天天Mid gestation day 70-80妊娠中期妊娠中期70-80天天Late gestation day 90-100妊娠后期妊娠后期90-100天天12.9817.6425.3224.630510152025307 g/d10 g/d13 g/d16 g/dSID Lysine intakeN retained(g/d)N retained(g/d)Exp 2.Effect of dietary lysin
