1、Designation:E119397(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Daphnia magna Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1193;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the adverse effects of a test material(added todilution water,bu
3、t not to food)on Daphnia magna Straus,1820,during continuous exposure throughout a life-cycle usingthe renewal or flow-through techniques.These procedures alsoshould be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests withother invertebrate species,although modifications might benecessary.1.2 These p
4、rocedures are applicable to most chemicals,either individually or in formulations,commercial products,orknown mixtures.With appropriate modifications,these proce-dures can be used to conduct tests on temperature,dissolvedoxygen,pH,and on such materials as aqueous effluents(alsosee Guide E1192),leach
5、ates,oils,particulate matter,sediments,and surface waters.The technique,(renewal orflow-through),will be selected based on the chemical charac-teristics of the test material such as high oxygen demand,volatility,susceptibility to transformation(biologically orchemically),or sorption to glass.1.3 Mod
6、ification of these procedures might be justified byspecial needs or circumstances.Although using appropriateprocedures is more important than following prescribedprocedures,results of tests conducted using unusual proceduresare not likely to be comparable to results of standard testprocedures.Compar
7、ison of results obtained using modified andunmodified versions of these procedures might provide usefulinformation on new concepts and procedures for conductinglife-cycle toxicity tests with D.magna.1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Signif
8、icance and Use5Apparatus6Facilities6.1Construction Materials6.2Test Chambers6.3Cleaning6.4Acceptability6.5Reagents7Purity of Reagents7.1Hazards8Dilution Water9Requirements9.1Source9.2Treatment9.3Characterization9.4Test Material10General10.1Stock Solutions10.2Test Concentrations(s)10.3Test Organisms1
9、1Species11.1Age11.2Source11.3Brood Stock11.4Food11.5Handling11.6Harvesting Young11.7Quality11.8Procedure12Experimental Design12.1Dissolved Oxygen12.2Temperature12.3Loading12.4Selection of Test System12.5Beginning the Test12.6Care and Maintenance12.7Feeding12.8Duration12.9Biological Data12.10Other Me
10、asurements12.11Analytical Methodology13Acceptability of Test14Calculation of Results15Report16Keywords17AppendixesAppendix X1 Statistical Guidance1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-
11、ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1193 97(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1193-97R12.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C7
12、00,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 SectionAppendix X2 Food1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.I
13、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E729 Guide for Conducting Acute
14、 Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their UsesE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambie
15、nt Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and AmphibiansIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units(SI):The Modern MetricSystem3.Terminology3.1 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this guide.3.2 mustus
16、ed to express an absolute requirement,that is,to state that the test ought to be designed to satisfy the specifiedcondition,unless the purpose of the test requires a differentdesign.“Must”is used only in connection with factors thatdirectly relate to the acceptability of the test(see 14.1).3.3 shouldused to state that the specified condition isrecommended and ought to be met if possible.Althoughviolation of one“should”is rarely a serious matter,violation ofseveral will often render the results q
