1、Designation:D768411(Reapproved 2016)Standard Guide forMicroscopic Characterization of Particles from In-ServiceLubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7684;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the y
2、ear of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the classification and reporting ofresults from in-service lubricant particulate debris analysisob
3、tained by microscopic inspection of wear and contaminantparticles extracted from in-service lubricant and hydraulic oilsamples.This guide suggests standardized terminology topromote consistent reporting,provides logical framework todocument likely or possible root causes,and supports inferenceassoci
4、ated machinery health condition or severity based onavailable debris analysis information.1.2 This guide shall be used in conjunction with an appro-priate wear debris analysis sample preparation and inspectiontechnique including,but not limited to,one of the following:1.2.1 Ferrography using linear
5、glass slides,1.2.2 Ferrography using rotary glass slides,1.2.3 Patch analysis using patch makers(filtration throughmembrane filters),1.2.4 Filter debris analysis,1.2.5 Magnetic plug inspection,or1.2.6 Other means used to extract and inspect particulatedebris from in-service lubricants.1.3 This stand
6、ard is not intended to evaluate or characterizethe advantage or disadvantage of one or another of theseparticular particle extraction and inspection methods.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard do
7、es not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
8、ds:2D4130 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water,Seawater,and BrinesD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and LubricantsD7416 Practice for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Usinga Particular Five-Part(Dielectric Permittivity,Time-Resolved Dielectric Permittivity with Sw
9、itching MagneticFields,Laser Particle Counter,Microscopic DebrisAnalysis,and Orbital Viscometer)Integrated TesterD7596 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting andParticle Shape Classification of Oils Using a DirectImaging Integrated TesterD7647 Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting ofLubri
10、cating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Tech-niques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Inter-fering Soft Particles by Light ExtinctionD7690 Practice for Microscopic Characterization of Par-ticles from In-Service Lubricants by Analytical Ferrogra-phyG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Ero
11、sion2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 11171 Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automaticparticle counters for liquids3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasive wear,nwear due to hard particles or hardprotuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface.G403.1.2 abrasion,nwear by displacement of mate
12、rial causedby hard particles or hard protuberances.D41753.1.3 break-in,nsee run-in.G403.1.4 fatigue wear,nwear of a solid surface caused byfracture arising from material fatigue.G401This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the
13、 direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.96.06 on Practices and Techniques for Prediction and Determination ofMicroscopic Wear and Wear-related Properties.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 2011.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7684 11.DOI:
14、10.1520/D7684-11R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for
15、 Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.5 fretting,nin tribology,small amplitude oscillatorymotion,usually tangential,betwee
16、n two solid surfaces incontact.3.1.5.1 DiscussionHere the term fretting refers only to thenature of the motion without reference to the wear,corrosion,or other damage that may ensue.The term fretting is often usedto denote fretting corrosion and other forms of fretting wear.Usage in this sense is discouraged due to the ambiguity thatmay arise.G403.1.6 fretting wear,nwear arising as a result of fretting(see fretting).G403.1.7 lubricant,nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the
