1、Designation:D8252191Standard Test Method forVanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-raySpectrometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8252;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last
2、 revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe title of Table 7 was corrected editorially in October 2019.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof to
3、tal vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in theconcentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluores-cence(XRF)spectrometry.1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for thecompensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting thevanadium and nickel X-rays.For measurement
4、of sulfur bystandard test method use Test Methods D4294,D2622 or othersuitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residualoils.1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluores-cence(XRF)spectrometers employing an X-ray tube forexcitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive
5、 detectionsystem or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductordetector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent andnear-adjacent elements.1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factorscalculated from XRF theory,the fundamental parameters(FP)approach,or best fit regression.1.
6、5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown inTable 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration ofthe diluted material within the scope of this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.
7、1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg forvanadium and nickel.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices an
8、d deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-m
9、endations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum P
10、roductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD6259 Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit ofQuantitation for a Test MethodD6299 Practice for Ap
11、plying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD7343 Practice for Optimization,Sample Handling,Calibration,and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of PetroleumProducts and LubricantsE16
12、21 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Disper-sive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 alpha corrections,ninfluence correction factors thatcompensate for inter-element X-ray matrix effects;alpha cor-rections may be determined by best-fit regression,XRF Fun-dament
13、al Parameters(FP),or XRF theory(called theoreticalalphas).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.Current edition approved Aug.1,2019.Published Augu
14、st 2019.DOI:10.1520/D8252-19E012For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Ba
15、rr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommenda
16、tions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.1.2 Bremsstrahlung,nthe component of X-ray tubesource beam due to radiation emitted when electrons from thetube cathode stop their motion(also called the continuum orwhite noise).3.1.3 channel,nin WDXRF,the wavelength channel usedto measure X-ray intensity for an element of interest.3.1.4 concentration,nmass fraction wt/wt%,mass%,ormg/kg.3.1.5 energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,nXRF spectrom
