1、Designation:D 5583 06Standard Test Method forDetection and Estimation of Retention of WoodPreservatives by Aspergillus Bioassaying1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5583;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revi
2、sion,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a non-chemical,biologicalprocedure for assaying wood for approximate preservative
3、content(Note 1).It requires minimal equipment and technicalproficiency.No costly equipment is needed other than a smallautoclave for preparing fungal media.Since this test methoddoes not require composite samples to ascertain preservationretentions,therefore it is used to assess retention at individ
4、uallocations.NOTE1With appropriate,simple adaptation,the method can be usedwith other products besides wood,such as fungicidal paints and glues.Theassaying is done wherever it is convenient,since aseptic precautions arenot required except for maintaining a pure stock culture of the assayfungus.1.2 T
5、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
6、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Summary of Test Method2.1 Small wood specimens of prescribed size are placed onnutrient agar in a Petri dish freshly seeded with spores ofAspergillus niger,a black mold,and the culture is
7、 allowed toincubate for three to four days.The fungus is unable to produceits typical black spores around samples containing an inhibi-tory amount of preservative;this indicates the presence ofpreservative,and the size of the white area(zone of effect)isthe index of preservative retention(see Fig.1
8、and Fig.2).Therelation of retention to zone of effect is determined for eachpreservative,from assays of specimens containing a gradient ofretentions of the preservative.(See example for pentachlo-rophenol in Fig.3.)Hereafter,this is called the referencerelations.3.Significance and Use3.1 This test m
9、ethod is intended for use with any preserva-tive that is of uniform composition and not so tightly bound tothe wood or so water insoluble that it cannot diffuse in theculture medium on which the assay fungus is grown(1,2,3).2It is especially applicable to monitoring non-pressure treatedmillwork and
10、other wood items(4),but it can be used todetermine approximate preservative retentions at prescribedlocations in pressure-treated wood(5).When measuring lon-gitudinal preservative penetration,as is especially useful withmillwork,the wood can be sampled on the end grain.The assayalso provides a relia
11、ble means of observing losses of preser-vative retention in wood during service(or experimentallysubjected to particular environmental conditions).This testmethod is not intended for comparing preservatives nor forestimating retentions of a preservative of variable composition,such as creosote.It ca
12、n be used,however,for comparingrelative potencies of such preservative.4.Apparatus4.1 Conventional Equipment,for culturing and aseptic han-dling of fungi,such as autoclave,refrigerator,transfer needle,and gas or alcohol burner.4.2 Glassware,100 by 15 mm(approximately)Petri dishes,glass or plastic,25
13、0 mL Erlenmeyer flasks,and a few 150 by22 mm(approximately)test tubes.4.3 Room or Chamber,in which temperature is controlled at22 to 27C(72 to 82F).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.06 on Treatments for WoodP
14、roducts.Current edition approved March 1,2006.Published March 2006.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5583 00.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO
15、Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.4.4 Atomizer,delivering a fine spray(optional).4.5 Tools,such as increment borer,plug cutter,saw,andknife for extracting samples and cutting them to desiredspecimen size.NOTE1The black area shows dense coverage by black spores of the fungus j 6.
16、FIG.1 Zone of Effect(d)in an Aspergillus Bioassay of a Pentachlorophenol-Treated BlockFIG.2 An Aspergillus niger Bioassay of Small-Block SpecimensTreated to Selected Retentions With Tributyltin Oxides9NOTE1Pentaretentions(PCF)here=solutionstrength 3 approximately 0.369.9FIG.3 Example of Reference Relation Between Strength ofPentachlorophenol Solution and Zone of Effect in an Aspergillusniger Bioassay Using Small-Treated BlocksD 5583 0625.Assay Fungus5.1 The assay fungus shall be Aspergillus nige
