1、Designation:D498112Standard Test Method forScreening of Oxidizers in Waste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4981;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses in
2、dicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is intended for use prior to preparationof waste samples for organic analysis.Waste samples that haveoxidizing compounds may react with certain re
3、agents in thelaboratory(for example,organic solvents).1.2 This test method is applicable to the analysis of wasteliquids,sludges,and solids.1.3 This test method can neither identify specific oxidizingcompounds nor measure concentrations.Since no acid or baseis added in this test method,potential oxi
4、dizers that require thepresence of acid or base will not be detected by this testmethod.1.4 It is recommended that,prior to this test,waste samplesbe screened for water compatibility;see Test Methods D5058.1.5 This test method is designed and intended as a prelimi-nary test to complement quantitativ
5、e analytical techniques thatmay be used to determine the presence of oxidizers in wastes.This test method offers the ability to screen waste for poten-tially hazardous reactions due to oxidizer content when themore sophisticated techniques are not available or the totalwaste composition is unknown.1
6、.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
7、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD5058 Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis ofWasteD5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management3.Term
8、inology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this screening method,refer to Terminology D5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 screening analysisApreliminary qualitative or semi-quantitative test that is designed to efficiently give the userspecific information about a waste t
9、hat will aid in determiningwaste identification,process compatibility,and safety in han-dling.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A small portion of the sample is placed onto a strip ofpotassium iodide(KI)starch paper.The blue color which is theresult of oxidizing the potassium iodide to iodine(I2)in thepre
10、sence of starch,indicates a positive test for oxidizers.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in wastemanagement industries to avoid potentially harmful reactionsdue to oxidizing compounds in wastes.6.Interferences6.1 Materials that mask the KI starch paper,(for exa
11、mple,oils,syrups,etc.)prevent reaction with the test paper or visualdetection of a color change.6.2 Samples or slurries of samples that are already darkcolored prior to applying a test portion to the KI starch papercan give false results.6.3 Oxidizers such as ferric salts may not oxidize organics;ho
12、wever,they may show positive reactions with KI.6.4 Oxidizers that require the presence of acid or base willgive a false negative result.To overcome this problem,run theoxidizer test at acid,base,and neutral pH conditions.7.Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent-grade chemicals shall beu
13、sed in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended thatall reagents conform to specifications of the Committee on1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition
14、 approved Sept.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4981 08.DOI:10.1520/D4981-128.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
15、ume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.3Other grades may
16、be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determination.7.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated,referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type III of Specification D1193.7.3 Potassium Iodide(KI)Starch Paper Strips.7.4 Beakers.7.5 Pipet or Droppers.7.6 Hydrogen Peroxide Solution(3%H2O2),commercialgrade.7.7 Nitric Acid(1+9)Add 1 volume of nitric acid(HNO3,sp.gr
