1、Designation:D486509(Reapproved 2014)An American National StandardStandard Guide forGeneration and Dissipation of Static Electricity in PetroleumFuel Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4865;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONEvery year a number of fires and explosions in petroleum product systems are att
3、ributed to sparkignition from accumulated static electricity.Such fires require a flammable hydrocarbon/air mixtureand an ignition source.Safety practices can concentrate on the elimination of either factor,but thisguide provides a general background on how electrostatic charges are formed and how t
4、hey may beprevented or dissipated.A subtle and often misunderstood feature of these incidents is the possible accumulation ofhazardous electrostatic charges in systems which are properly bonded and grounded.This can occurbecause refined hydrocarbon fuels have low electrical conductivities and electr
5、ostatic charges may beretained within the fuel and on its surfaces.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes how static electricity may begenerated in petroleum fuel systems,the types of equipmentconducive to charge generation,and methods for the safedissipation of such charges.This guide is intended to incre
6、aseawareness of potential operating problems and hazards result-ing from electrostatic charge accumulation.1.2 This guide is not intended to provide specific solutionsbut indicates available techniques the user may wish toinvestigate to alleviate electrostatic charges.This guide doesnot cover the ef
7、fects of stray currents or of lightning,either ofwhich can also produce sparks leading to fires or explosions.1.3 This guide is not intended to address detailed safetypractices associated with static electricity in petroleum productsystems.1.4 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standar
8、d.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
9、egulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D396 Specification for Fuel Oi
10、lsD910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2880 Spe
11、cification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3699 Specification for KerosineD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for El
12、ectrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts(Mini Method)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.J0.
13、04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published November 2014.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4865 09.DOI:10.1520/D4865-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Servi
14、ce at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in A
15、via-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation TurbineFuel2.2 National Fire Protection Association(NFPA)Stan-dards:3NFPA Standard No.30 Flammable and Combustible LiquidCodeNFPA Standard No.407 Standard on Aircraft Fuel Servicing2.3 Canadian General Standard Bo
16、ard(CGSB)Specifica-tion:4CAN/CGSB 3.6 Regular Sulphur Diesel FuelCAN/CGSB 3.517 Automotive Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel2.4 British Standards Institute(BSI)Standard:BS 5958(Part 2)Recommendations for Particular IndustrialSituations53.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bonding,vthe practice of providing electrical con-nections between conductive parts of a fuel system to precludevoltage differences between the parts.3.1.2 bottom loading,vthe practice of filling transpor
