1、Designation:D538093(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forIdentification of Crystalline Pigments and Extenders in Paintby X-Ray Diffraction Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5380;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the identification of crystallinepigments and extenders in liqu
3、id paint and dry paint film.It isapplicable to both water-reducible and solvent-reducible paint.It also may be used to identify pigment and extender in grindpaste or alone as dry powder.It is not applicable to amorphouscomponents such as carbon black,amorphous silica,or highlyprocessed clay.1.2 The
4、values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
5、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented Coatings3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Every crystal
6、line substance,in this case pigment orextender,has a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern.Whether the substance is present alone or in a mixture,itproduces its pattern independently and can be identified by it.An X-ray diffraction pattern of a sample is recorded.Eachcrystalline substance in the
7、sample is identified by theHanawalt or Fink method or other systematic procedure basedon comparison of the diffraction pattern of the sample withreference patterns of standards.3,4,54.Significance and Use4.1 The choice of pigments and extenders influences theappearance,durability,cost,and other prop
8、erties of paint.Thistest method is a convenient way,and probably the mostreliable,to identify pigments in paint.5.Apparatus5.1 X-ray Diffractometer,suitable for collecting intensityversus two theta(20)angle diffraction patterns in the rangefrom 5 to 65 20.It is preferred that the diffractometer beeq
9、uipped with a copper target X-ray tube and a monochromatorthat passes only copper K-alpha radiation.If a monochromatoris not available,then a suitable filter may be used to removecopper K-beta radiation from the diffracted X-ray beam.Anickel filter may be used for this purpose when a copper targettu
10、be is employed.NOTE1Follow the recommendations of the manufacturer of thediffractometer used.5.2 Liquid Paint or Grind Paste:5.2.1 Paint Shaker.5.2.2 Film Applicator,that will produce a 3-to 10-mil(75-to 250 m)wet film thickness.5.2.3 Plastic Sheet,such as polyester film,that contains nocrystalline
11、components that would produce interfering X-raydiffraction peaks and is not attacked by paint solvent.5.2.4 Perforated Suction Plate or other flat surface.5.3 Paint Chips or Pigment Powder:5.3.1 Miniature Reciprocating Ball Mill.5.3.2 Stainless Steel Vials,with agitator for ball mill.5.3.3 Powder Sp
12、ecimen Holders,for X-ray diffractometer.6.Hazards6.1 PrecautionAs exposure to excessive quantities ofX-radiation is injurious to health,X-ray producing equipment1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct
13、 responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved July 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5280 93(2009).DOI:10.1520/D5380-93R0914.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the AST
14、M website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Search Manual,(Hanawalt),“Inorganic Phases,”International Centre forDiffraction Data,(ICDD),Catalog No.HA 42,
15、Newtown Square Corporate Campus,12 Campus Blvd.,Newtown Square,PA 19073-3273.4Search Manual,(Fink),“Inorganic Phases,”ICDD.5“Powder Diffraction File,Inorganic,”ICDD.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 can be dangerous to both
16、the operator and persons in theimmediate vicinity unless safety precautions are strictly ob-served.Therefore,users should avoid exposing any parts oftheir bodies,not only to the direct beam,but also to secondaryor scattered radiation that occurs when an X-ray beam strikesor passes through any material.It is strongly recommended thatusers check the degree of exposure by film carried on them orby the use of dosimeters and that blood counts be madeperiodically.Before utilizing the equipment,all per