1、Designation:D4918 97(Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCoefficient of Static Friction of Uncoated Writing andPrinting Paper by Use of the Inclined Plane Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4918;the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for
3、the determi-nation of the coefficient of static friction of paper measuredwhen sliding against itself.The inclined plane procedure isused.1.2 Although this test method is basic in concept,theprecision statement has been developed on uncoated writingand printing papers.While the use of this test meth
4、od isrecommended for those grades only,it may be used with othertypes of paper giving specific attention to special papercharacteristics and with the understanding that the precisionmay not be the same.1.3 Static coefficient of friction(COF)relates to the forcerequired to initiate movement between t
5、wo surfaces whilekinetic COF relates to the force required to cause continuationof the movement at uniform speed.Kinetic COF cannot bemeasured by this test method.Both static and kinetic COF canbe measured by Test Method D4917.1.4 A horizontal plane method is described in Test MethodD4917,which give
6、s similar results.The choice of approachdepends upon the equipment available and the means ofmeasurement.1.5 The determination of this characteristic for corrugatedand solid fiberboard is described in Test Methods D4521 andD4521.The test methods differ in that,in Test Methods D4521and D4521,the two
7、specimens are allowed to slip upon oneanother three times before the angle of inclination is deter-mined,while in this test method,the angle is determined on thefirst slip.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility o
8、f the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D528 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper andPaperboardD585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a
9、Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper ProductsD3247 Method of Test for Coefficient of Static Friction ofCorrugated and Solid Fiberboard(Horizontal PlaneMethod)3D3460
10、Specification for White Watermarked and Unwater-marked Bond,Reprographic,and Laser Printer Cut-SizedOffice Papers3 3D4521 Test Method for Coefficient of Static Friction ofCorrugated and Solid Fiberboard(Discontinued 2001)3D4917 Test Method for Coefficient of Static and KineticFriction of Uncoated Wr
11、iting and Printing Paper by Use ofthe Horizontal Plane Method3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions shall be in accordance withTerminology D1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.44.Summary of Test Method4.1 One specimen of the paper sample is clamped to aninclined plane,the other to a rubber-faced sled.
12、The sled isplaced on the inclined plane and the plane raised until the sledbegins sliding.The coefficient of static friction is equal to thetangent of the angle at which sliding begins.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct resp
13、onsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved April 1,2007.Published May 2007.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4918 97(2002).DOI:10.1520/D4918-97R07.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the AS
14、TM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway
15、South,Norcross,GA 30092,http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest
16、information5.Significance and Use5.1 The coefficient of friction of printing and writing papersindicates the ease with which the top or bottom sheet of a stackof paper will slide across the succeeding sheet,such as occurson the infeed of a sheet-fed printing press or the sheet transportinto a copier machine.A minimum coefficient of friction isrequired to prevent the double-feeding of any sheets.5.2 Since each sheet is removed from the stack only once,asingle slide of each pair of specimens is pe
