1、Designation:D392308(Reapproved 2014)Standard Practices forDetecting Leaks in Reverse Osmosis and NanofiltrationDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3923;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、 of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These practices cover detecting leaks in which there is adirect communication between the feed or concentrate,or both,a
3、nd the permeate.Several types of leaks are possible with thevarious configurations of reverse-osmosis(RO)and nanofiltra-tion(NF)devices.1.2 Types of Leaks:1.2.1 With hollow-fiber devices,feed or concentrateleakage,or both,into the permeate stream by leaks through thetube sheet and past the tube shee
4、t O-ring are possible.“Leaks”caused by broken fibers are not covered by these practices.1.2.2 With spiral-wound devices,leaks may occur throughdamage of the membrane surface itself by punctures orscratches,by glue-line failure,and by O-ring leaks on producttube interconnectors.1.2.3 With tubular dev
5、ices,leaks due to membrane damage,tube end seal leaks,and leaks from broken tubes or productheaders are possible.1.3 Three leak test practices are given as follows:SectionsPractice ATube Sheet and O-Ring Leak Test for HollowFiber Devices8 to 9Practice BVacuum Test for Spiral Wound Devices10 to 12Pra
6、ctice CDye Test for Spiral Wound and Tubular Devices13 to 181.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
7、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration DevicesD6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration,Ultraf
8、iltration,Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane ProcessesD6908 Practice for Integrity Testing of Water FiltrationMembrane SystemsE60 Practice for Analysis of Metals,Ores,and RelatedMaterials by SpectrophotometryE275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance ofUltraviolet and Visible Sp
9、ectrophotometers3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in these practices,refer toTerminology D1129 and D6161.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 leakbypassing of the intact membrane from the feedside to the permeate side.4.Summary of Practice4.1 The hollow-fiber device
10、being tested is operated at lowpressure with the permeate tube sheet exposed(the fiber bundleis held in place by a“spider”device designed for the specificmodel under test).Any significant leak in the tube sheet orO-ring seal is detected visually by inspection.5.Significance and Use5.1 These practice
11、s may be used to determine whether a ROor NF device is free of leaks if the mechanical integrity of thedevice is to be confirmed.They may also be used to detectleaks in RO or NF devices whose operating performanceindicates a possible leak.These practices may be used foreither new or used devices.6.A
12、pparatus6.1“Spider”Device,designed for the specific model ofhollow-fiber device being tested,is available from the supplier.The“spider”is designed to take the place of the permeate endplate and permeate collection grid/block while securing thefiber bundle from movement.This allows visual observation
13、during low-pressure operation with the fiber bundle retained inits original position.1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and IonExchange Materials.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published
14、 February 2014.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3923 08.DOI:10.1520/D3923-08R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the
15、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Purity of Reagents7.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated,it is intended that all reagents shal
16、lconform to the specifications of the Committee on AnalyticalReagents of the American Chemical Society,where suchspecifications are available.3Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe determinations.7.2 Unless otherwise indicated,references to water shall beunderstood to mean Type III reagent water conforming toSpecification D1193.PRACTICE ATUBE SHEET AND O-RING LEAKTEST FOR HOL
