1、Designation:D215718Standard Test Method forEffect of Air Supply on Smoke Density in Flue Gases fromBurning Distillate Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2157;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、 year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the perfor-mance of distillate fuels from the standpoint of clean,effic
3、ientburning.It is intended primarily for use with home heatingequipment burning No.1 or No.2 fuel oils.It can be usedeither in the laboratory or in the field to compare fuels using agiven heating unit or to compare the performance of heatingunits using a given fuel.NOTE1This test method applies only
4、 to pressure atomizing androtary-type burners.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Arbitrary and relative units are also used.1.3 This standard does not pu
5、rport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard w
6、as developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced
7、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2156 Test Method for Smoke Density in Flue Gases fromBurning Distillate Fuels3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 effciency,nthe percentage of gross heat of combus-tion of the fuel which is retained by the equipment and whichdoes not pas
8、s out in the flue gases.3.1.2 excess combustion air,nthe percentage of air enter-ing the equipment over and above that needed for stoichiomet-ric conversion of the fuel to the ultimate combustion products,essentially CO2and water,for a normal fuel.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThis may be calculated from the pe
9、r-centage CO2in the flue gas and the carbon-hydrogen ratio ofthe fuel.3.1.3 flue-gas carbon dioxide(CO2),nthe percentageconcentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas,measured byconventional Orsat analysis,or the equivalent.3.1.4 net stack temperature,nthe difference between thestack temperature an
10、d the ambient temperature of the air nearthe inlet to the burner.3.1.5 smoke density,nthe concentration of smoke in theflue gas,measured as a Smoke Spot Number as described inTest Method D2156.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The flue-gas smoke density is measured for variousamounts of combustion air whi
11、le the burner is operating atequilibrium conditions.Results are expressed as a plot ofsmoke density as a function of flue-gas carbon dioxide(CO2)content,or alternatively,as a function of percentage excesscombustion air.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method relates efficiency of operation ofdome
12、stic heating equipment to clean burning.Reducing com-bustion air in a burner gives more efficient operation.Theextent to which combustion air can be reduced is limited by theonset of unacceptable smoke production.By delineating therelation between smoke density and air supply,this test method(togeth
13、er with net stack temperature data)defines the maxi-mum efficiency for a given installation at any acceptable smokelevel.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner
14、,Diesel,Non-Aviation Gas Turbine,and MarineFuels.Current edition approved April 1,2018.Published April 2018.Originallyapproved in 1963.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2157 94(2013).DOI:10.1520/D2157-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Custo
15、mer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 1942
16、8-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.2 For certain types of equipment,such as the rotarywall-flame burner,too much excess air will cause smoke aswell as too little.For these cases,the point of minimu
