1、Designation:D 1834 90(Reapproved 2000)An American National StandardStandard Test Method for20 Specular Gloss of Waxed Paper1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1834;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is primarily intended to measure thegloss of waxed papers.NOTE1For determining the gloss of boo
3、k paper reference should bemade to Test Method D 1223.For very high gloss paper see Wink et al(1).21.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health p
4、ractices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,or Related Product3D 1223 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Paper andPaperboard at 7543.Termi
5、nology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 specular glossthe degree to which a surface simu-lates a mirror in its capacity to reflect incident light.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves the measurement of specularreflectance on a scale on which a polished black glass with arefractive index of 1.540
6、 measures 100 units.The angles ofincidence and reflection are each 20,and the receptor orviewing window is round and its diameter subtends an angle of5 with respect to an apex at the center of the illuminated areain the plane of the sample opening.NOTE2These geometric conditions and measurement scal
7、e are rec-ommended by Hunter and Lofland(2)for the gloss measurement of waxedpapers.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method gives good correlation with visualgloss or shininess provided the sample is flat.The degree ofcorrelation decreases as the sample deviates from being flat.6.Apparatus6.1 The
8、 apparatus shall consist of a concentrated-filamentlamp and lens projecting an incident beam of rays,means forlocating the specimen surface to receive this beam,and alight-sensitive receptor located to receive certain rays reflectedfrom this surface.These three parts shall be combined in arugged ins
9、trument in which relative positions shall be as shownin Fig.1.The actual dimensions of these parts shall be left tothe designer of the apparatus,so long as the rays of light passedthrough the instrument satisfy the geometric and spectralconditions prescribed in 6.2-6.6.NOTE3A suitable instrument has
10、 been built by using the followingparts and dimensions(refer to Fig.1):Lamp56 V(requires adjustable voltage for standardization)Lens in lamp beam6Diameter 39 mm,focal length 63 mmLens at receptor window7Double convex,diameter 19 mm,focal length47 mmPhotocell8Meter90 to 50 A(90-mm(312-in.)round flush
11、 phenolic plastic case)Dimensions,mm:Lamp filament to center lens92Center lens to center specimen70Center specimen to center receptor window126Center window to center photocell79Window diameters,mm:Lamp beam lens37Specimenmore than 25Receptor window11The cell-meter combination must be calibrated for
12、 linearity.6.2 Geometric ConditionsThe axis of the incident beamshall be 20 6 1 from a line perpendicular to the plane to the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.10.0A on Physical aan
13、d Chemical Properties.This test method was preparedjointly by the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry and the AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials.Current edition approved July 10,1990.Published August 1990.Originallypublished as D 183465.Last previous edition D 183465(1985).2The b
14、oldface numbers in parentheses refer to references listed at the end of thistest method.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.4Discontinued;see 1979 Annual Book of ASTM Standards.5A General Electric instrument lamp No.1630 has been found satisfactory forthis purpose.6Available from the Edmund Sci
15、entific Corp.,101 E.Gloucester Pike,Bar-rington,NJ 08007-1380,achromat stock No.6246.7Available from the Edmund Scientific Corp.8AGeneral Electric No.8PV1AAB photovoltaic cell has been found satisfactoryfor this purpose.9A Weston Model 301 has been found satisfactory for this purpose.1Copyright ASTM
16、 International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.test surface.The receptor window,the lens adjacent to thiswindow,and the photoreceptor shall be centered about an axiswhich is the mirror image of the axis of the incident beam.With a piece of polished black glass or other front-surfacemirror in sample position,an image of the source shall beformed at the center at the receptor window.No diameter of theilluminated area of the specimen shall be more tha
