1、Designation:D182213Standard Test Method forTensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and ElectricalInsulating Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1822;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energyrequired to rupture standard tension-impact specimens ofplastic
3、or electrical insulating materials.Rigid materials aresuitable for testing by this method as well as specimens that aretoo flexible or thin to be tested in accordance with other impacttest methods.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for
4、 informationonly.NOTE1This test method and ISO 8256 address the same subjectmatter,but differ in technical content.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
5、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile P
6、roperties of PlasticsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 ISO Standards:ISO8256 PlasticsDeter
7、minationof Tensile-ImpactStrength3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms applying to this testmethod appear in Terminology D883.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The energy utilized in this test method is delivered by asingle swing of a calibrated pendulum of a standardizedtension-impact machine.
8、The energy to fracture a specimen,byshock in tension,is determined by the kinetic energy extractedfrom the pendulum of the impact machine in the process ofbreaking the specimen.One end of the specimen is mounted inthe pendulum.The other end of the specimen is gripped by acrosshead which travels with
9、 the pendulum until the instant ofimpact(and instant of maximum pendulum kinetic energy),when the crosshead is arrested.5.Significance and Use5.1 Tensile-impact energy is the energy required to break astandard tension-impact specimen in tension by a single swingof a standard calibrated pendulum unde
10、r a set of standardconditions(see Note 2).To compensate for the minor differ-ences in cross-sectional area of the specimens,the energy tobreak is normalized to units of kilojoules per square metre(orfoot-pounds-force per square inch)of minimum cross-sectionalarea.An alternative approach to normalizi
11、ng the impact energythat compensates for these minor differences and still retainsthe test unit as joules(foot-pounds)is shown in Section 10.Fora perfectly elastic material,the impact energy is usuallyreported per unit volume of material undergoing deformation.However,since much of the energy to bre
12、ak the plasticmaterials for which this test method is written is dissipated indrawing of only a portion of the test region,such normalizationon a volume basis is not feasible.In order to observe the effectof elongation or rate of extension,or both,upon the result,thetest method permits two specimen
13、geometries.Results ob-tained with different capacity machines generally are notcomparable.5.1.1 With the Type S(short)specimen the extension iscomparatively low,while with the Type L(long)specimen the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct respo
14、nsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Sept.1,2013.Published November 2013.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1822-06.DOI:10.1520/D182213.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM C
15、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.DOI:10.1520/D1822-06.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,
16、West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 extension is comparatively high.In general,the Type Sspecimen(with its greater occurrence of brittle fracture)givesgreater reproducibility,but less differentiation among materi-als.NOTE2Friction losses are largely eliminated by careful design andproper operation of the testing machine.5.2 Scatter of data is sometimes attributed to differentfailure mechanisms within a group of specimens.Some mate-rials exhibit a transition between different failure m
