1、Designation:C92780(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forLead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area ofGlass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic GlassEnamels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C927;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead andcadmium ex
3、tracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area ofglassware used for drinking and which is exteriorly decoratedwith ceramic glass enamels.The procedure of extraction maybe expected to accelerate the release of lead and cadmium fromthe decorated area and to serve,therefore,as a severe test thatis un
4、likely to be matched under the actual conditions of usageof such glassware.This test method is specific for lead andcadmium.NOTE1For additional information see Test Method C738.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.
5、1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns associated with its use.It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicabili
6、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted fromGlazed Ceramic Surfaces3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ceramic glass decorationsceramic glass enamelsfused to glassware at temperatures above 425C(800F)toproduce
7、 a decoration.3.1.2 ceramic glass enamels(also ceramic enamels or glassenamels)predominately colored,silicate glass fluxes used todecorate glassware.3.1.3 lip and rim areathat part of a drinking vessel whichextends 20 mm below the rim on the outside of the specimen.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Lead a
8、nd cadmium are extracted from the lip and rimarea of the article under test by leaching with a 4%acetic acidsolution at 20 to 24C(68 to 75F)for 24 h and are measuredby atomic absorption spectrophotometry using specific hollowcathode or electrodeless discharge lamps for lead and cadmiumrespectively.R
9、esults are reported as micrograms per millilitre(ppm)extracted relative to the internal volume of the glassarticle.5.Significance and Use5.1 The heavy metals,lead and cadmium,are known tocause serious health effects in man if consumed in excess.It is,therefore,important to measure the amount that ma
10、y beextracted from an area of the glass drinking vessel in contactwith the lip.Even though the amount of lead and cadmiumextracted by this test method is in no way representative of theamount of the metals extracted by actual lip contact,therelative magnitude of metals extracted from one test specim
11、enin relation to another test specimen provides an effective toolfor discrimination.6.Interferences6.1 Since specific hollow cathode lamps or electrodelessdischarge lamps for lead and cadmium are used,there are nointerferences.7.Apparatus7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS),equippedwith a 10
12、2-mm single slot or Boling burner head and digitalconcentration readout attachment(DCR)if available.This1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glassand Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.10 onGlass Decoration.It was developed jointly by
13、ASTM Committee C-14 and C-21 onCeramic Whitewares and Related Products,the Society of Glass Decorators A-20Subcommittee on Ceramic Enameled Decorated Glass Tumblers,and an Inter-agency Task Force consisting of FDA,EPA,and CPSC of the U.S.Government.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published May 2
14、014.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C927-80(2009).DOI:10.1520/C0927-80R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standa
15、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 g/mL of leadfor 1%absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.025 g/mL ofcadmium for 1%absorption.U
16、se the operating conditions asspecified in the instrument manufacturers analytical methodsmanual.7.2 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge LeadLamp,set at 283.3 nm.7.3 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge CadmiumLamp,set at 228.8 nm.7.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass foruse in preparing and storing reagents and solutions,and for useas test specimen containers.7.5 Detection limits of lead and cadmium shall be deter-mined and reported for individual instruments.In th
