1、Designation:F1737/F1737M15Standard Guide forUse of Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment DuringSpill Response:Boom and Nozzle Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1737/F1737M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in th
2、e case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers considerations for the maintenance,storage,and use of oil spill dispersan
3、t application systems.1.2 This guide is applicable to spray systems employingbooms and nozzles and not to other systems such as firemonitors or single-point spray systems.1.3 This guide is applicable to systems employed on shipsor boats and helicopters or airplanes.1.4 This guide is applicable to te
4、mperate weather conditionsand may not be applicable to freezing conditions.1.5 This guide is one of five related to dispersant applicationsystems.Guide F1413/F1413M covers design,Practice F1460/F1460M covers calibration,Test Method F1738 coversdeposition,Guide F1737 covers the use of the systems,and
5、Guide F2465/F2465M covers the design and specification forsingle-point spray systems.Familiarity with all five standardsis recommended.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;th
6、erefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
7、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1413/F1413M Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant ApplicationEquipment:Boom and Nozzle SystemsF1460/F1460M Practice for Calibrating Oil Sp
8、ill DispersantApplication Equipment Boom and Nozzle SystemsF1738 Test Method for Determination of Deposition ofAerially Applied Oil Spill DispersantsF2465/F2465M Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant ApplicationEquipment:Single-point Spray SystemsF2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit ofDisp
9、ersant Use3.Significance and Use3.1 This guide provides information,procedures,and re-quirements for management and operation of dispersant sprayapplication equipment(boom and nozzle systems)in oil spillresponse.3.2 This guide provides information on requirements forstorage and maintenance of disper
10、sant spray equipment andassociated materials.3.3 This guide will aid operators in ensuring that a disper-sant spray operation is carried out in an effective manner.4.Background to the Use of Dispersants and SpraySystems4.1 Primary Considerations:4.1.1 Use of dispersants,particularly in a specific ar
11、ea,maybe subject to regulatory approval.Net Environmental BenefitAnalysis is used for dispersant decision-making(GuideF2532).Dispersant response is for use in the early stages of aspill;so,it is strongly recommended that a rapid approvalmechanism,or pre-approval,be part of response planning.4.1.2 Na
12、ture of Oil Slick(s)to Be Treated:4.1.2.1 The effectiveness of dispersants is dependent(as-suming proper application)on two factors;the oil compositionand the sea surface energy.The primary factor is the oilcomposition.Heavier oils,those that contain large amounts ofcomponents such as asphaltenes,di
13、sperse poorly,and thosewhich have only a small amount of these disperse more easily.As oil weathers on the sea surface,its composition changes andit generally becomes less dispersable.Some oils can also formhighly viscous water-in-oil emulsions,known as“chocolate1This guide is under the jurisdiction
14、 of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.13 on Treatment.Current edition approved March 1,2015.Published April 2015.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1713/F1713M 10.DOI:10.1520/F1737_F1
15、737M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box
16、C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 mousse,”particularly in areas of high energy waves.Oncemousse has formed,dispersants may not be effective.4.1.2.2 Viscosity is an indicator of the oil composition,butaffects dispersion by its influence on the amount of dispersantpenetrating into and mixing with the oil.Dispersant can run offthe surface of highly viscous oils or will mix only slowly withthem.Traditionally,oils of a viscosity between 2000 and10 000 mPa were thought to be undisper
