1、MSS Quality Standard for Steel Casting for Valves,Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components SP-54-Radiographic Examination Method Standard Practice Developed and Approved by the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry,Inc.127 Park Street,N.E.1999 d Vienna,Virg
2、inia 221 80(703)281-661 3 COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesMSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-54 An MSS Standard Pr
3、actice is intended as a basis for common practice by the manufacturer,the user,and the general public.The existence of an MSS Standard Practice does not in itself preclude the manufacture,sale,or use of products not conforming to the Standard Practice.Mandatory conformance is established only by ref
4、erence in a code,specification,sales contract,or public law,as applicable.Unless otherwise specifically noted in this MSS SP,any standard referred to herein is identified by the date of issue that was applicable to the referenced standard(s)at the date of issue of this MSS SP.(See Annex A.)In this S
5、tandard Practice all notes,annexes,tables,and figures are construed to be essential to the understanding of the message of the standard,and are considered part of the text unless noted as“supplemental”.All appendices appearing in this document are construed as“supplemental”.“Supplemental”information
6、 does not include manda-tory requirements.U.S.customary units in this SP are the standard;the metric units are for reference only.I Substantive changes in this 1999 edition are“flagged”by parallel bars as shown on the margins of this paragraph.The specific detail of the change may be determined by c
7、omparing the material flagged with that in the previous edition.I Non-toleranced Dimensions in this Standard Practice are nominal,and,unless otherwise specified,shall be consid-ered“for reference only.”Any part of this standard may be quoted.Credit lines should read extractedfrom MSS SP-54,1999,with
8、 permission of the publishel;the Manufacturers Standardization Sociev.Reproduction prohibited under copyright convention unless written permission is granted by the Manufactures Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry,Inc.Originally Approved February,1959 Copyright,1985 by Manufac
9、turers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry,Inc.Printed in U.S.A.1 COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information
10、Handling Services STD-MSS SP-54-ENGL L999=5770b40 0503237 813=MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-54 FOREWORD This standard practice provides methods and acceptance standards for the film method of radiographic examination of steel castings for valves,flanges,and fittings and other piping components.It is appl
11、icable to examination of repairs as well as to the initial examination of castings.1 1 .COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information H
12、andling ServicesMSS STD-MSS SP-Sq-ENGL 1999 5770640 0503220 535 STANDARD PRACTICE 5p-54 I TABLE OF CONTENTS I SECTION PAGE TERMS AND CONDITIONS.i FOREWORD.ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.111 1.SCOPE.1 2.DEFINITIONS.1 3.BASIS FOR USE.1 4.RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE.2 5.ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS.2 6.REMOVAL A7.D REPAIR OF
13、 DISCONTINUITIES.3.ANNEX A:Referenced Standards and Applicable Dates.4 111.COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling Servi
14、ces-STD.MSS SP-54-ENGL 1999 5770b40 0501221 471 MSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-54 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION METHOD 1.SCOPE 1.1 The methods of Section 4 provide uniform pro-cedures which will produce satisfactory and con-sistent results upon which the acceptance standards of Section 5 maybe used.1.2 This ex
15、amination guide may be used on a vol-untary basis or when specified in the inquiry,con-tract,or order and when mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.It is difficult to rigidly interpret radiographs to a set of accep-tance standards;consequently,there is a need for close cooperat
16、ion between the manufacturer and the purchaser in applying radiographic acceptance stan-dards.2.DEFINITIONS 2.1 For definitions of terms relating to radiography see ASTM E 94 Appendix X1 and ASTM E 142 Paragraph 2.3.BASIS FOR USE 3.1 Critical sections of pressure containing cast-ings shall be radiog
17、raphed.These section will be selected by the valve or fitting manufacturer on the basis of previous experiences.These sections will be those which are critical in any one of three senses:a)Casting solidification b)Stress concentration c)Ability to contain pressure 3.2 Inspection guide ASTM E 94 incl
18、udes radio-graphs of various types and degrees of discontinuities encountered in steel castings.Ra-diographs of castings up to 2 in.(5 1 mm)wall thick-ness shall be interpreted to ASTM E 446,from 2 in.up to 4%in.(51 mm up to 114 mm)to ASTM E 186)and from 4 E in.to 12 in.(1 14 mm to 305 mm)to ASTM E
19、280.1 COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesMSS-STDuMSS SP-54-ENGL L999 M 5770b40 0503222 308 W STANDARD PRACT
20、ICE SP-54 4.RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE 4.1 ASTM E 94“Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing,”and ASTM E 1 4 2 “Standard method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing,”shall be used as a guide,4.2 Areas to be radiographed shall be in accordance with Section 3.1.4.3 The film shall be as close as
21、 practical to the casting being radiographed.4.4 Any comercial available intensifying screen except those of the fluorescent type may be used.4.5 All film shall bear identification marking to prop-erly orient the film for interpretation and to denote the actual casting under examination.Film shall b
22、e marked to identify the organization producing the radiograph and the date exposed.4.6 Penetramekrs shall be used on each radiograph and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM E 1 4 2.4.7 Any commercially available flm may be used provided it is equal or finer grained than Type 2,ASTM E 94.4.8 R
23、adiographs may be made using multiple Nm technique and either single or multiple viewing so as to cover a greater latitude in casting thickness with a single exposure.4.9 Radiographs shall be within the following pho-tographic(H&D)density range:a)Single film viewing-1.5 minimum,4.0 maximum b)Superim
24、posed viewing of double film,each single film-1.O0 minimum,2.5 maximum,with a double film-4.0 maximum 4.10 Surface shall be such that radiographic con-trast due to surface condition cannot mask or be con-fused with that of any indication.4.1 1 Single will thicknesses shall be radiographed wherever p
25、ractical.4.1 2 The radiographic sensitivity shall be 2-4T for thickness up to and including 0.75 in.(19 mm)and 2-2T for thickness greater than 0.75 in.(19 mm).4.1 3 The manufacturer shall be responsible for as-signing qualified personnel to perform and interpret radiographic examinations in conforma
26、nce with the requirements of this standard practice.4.14 A qualification record of personnel considered suitable by the manufacturer to perform and inter-pret examinations in accordance with this standard practice shall be available upon request.ASNT Rec-ommended Practice No.SN-Tc-IA provides a rec-
27、ommended procedure for quallfying personnel.5.ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS 5.1 Acceptance criteria for castings for body and bonnet (cover)and end pieces (of multi-piece valve bodies,e.g.ball valves)shall be based on wall thick-ness as indicated below.5.1.1 G The following comparative plates of ASTM E 446 d
28、efine acceptable indications:Discontinuity TYP Gas Sand Shrink,Type 1 2 3 4 Hot Tears&Cracks Inserts (Chills,Chaplets)Mottling Category A B C C C D&E F G Acceptable Comparative ASTM E 446 A2 B3 C CA2 CB3 c c 3 CD3 None None Reference Only 2 COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valv
29、e and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesMSS STDeMSS SP-54-ENGL 1999 5770b40 0501223 244 W STANDARD PRACTICE SP-54 5.1.2 Wall thickness from 2 in.UD to4%in.(5 1 mm up to 11
30、4 mm).The following comparative plates of ASTM E 186 define acceptable indications:Discontinuity 1 TYP i Acceptable Com-parative Plates ASTM E 186 Zategory G a s Porosity Sand and Slag Inclusions Shrink,Type 1 2 Cracks Hot Tears Inserts A B3 B A3 C CA3 C CB3 C None F None E None D c c 3 5.1.3 Wallth
31、icknessfrom4!hin.throuh 12in.(114 mm thmuph 305 m r n l The following comparative plates ofASTM E 280 define acceptable indications:I Acceptable Comparative Plates.ASTM E 280 G a s Porosity Sand and Slag Inclusions Shrink,Type 1 2 3 Cracks Hot Tears Inserts A B C C C D E F A3 B3 CA3 CB3 cc3 None Non
32、e None 6.REMOVAL AND REPAIR OF DISCONTINUITIES 6.1 Pieces rejected through the application of these standards may be repaired.If welding is required,it shall be in accordance with the requirement speci-fied in the applicable steel casting specifications.6.2 Discontinuities in excess of those represe
33、nted by acceptable indications shall be removed by suit-able means.If removal of surface discontinuities to acceptable level does not result in reducing the wall thickness below acceptable minimum,the area shall be blended smoothly into surrounding surface.Where removal of discontinuities results in
34、 a wall thickness below the acceptable minimum,the result-ant cavity may be repaired by welding.Welded ar-eas shall be blended smoothly into surrounding sur-face 6.3 Areas which as a result of radiographic ex-amination have been weld repaired or from which discontinuities have been removed without r
35、equire-ment for weld repair shall be re-examined by the ra-diographic method.6.4 Acceptance standards for porosity and slag inclusions in welds shall be in accordance with UW-5 1,ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,Sec-tion WI,Division 1.3 COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valv
36、e and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesMSS STANDARD PRACTICE SP-54 I ANNEXA I REFERENCE STANDARDS AND APPLICABLE DATES This Annex is an integral part of this Standard Pra
37、ctice and is placed after the main text for convenience.Standard Name or Description ASME.ANSVASME.ANSI.ASMEIANSI Section VIII Division 1-1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code ASTM Specifications for:E 94-1993 E 142-1992 E 186-1993 E 280-1 993 E 446-1993 Standard Guide for Radiographic Testing Standa
38、rd Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy Walled 2 to 4%in(5 1 to 114 mm)Steel Castings Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy Walled 4%to 12in.(1 14 to 305 mm)Steel Castings Standard Reference Radiographic for Steel Castings up to 2in.(5 lm
39、m)in thickness SNT-TC-1 A-1996,Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifications and Certification in Nondestructive Testing Publications of the following organizations appear in the above list:ASME ASTM ASNT The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 3 Park Ave.,New York,NY,1 O0 16-5990 American
40、Society for Testing and Materials 100 Bar Harbor Drive,West Conshohoken,PA 19428-2959 The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc.171 1 Arlingate Lane,Columbus,OH 43228-05 18 COPYRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOP
41、YRIGHT Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and FittingsLicensed by Information Handling ServicesNumber SP-6-1996 SP-9-1997 SP-25-1998 SP-42-1999 SP-43-1991 SP-44-1996 SP-45-1998 SP-51-1991 SP-53-1999 SP-54-1999 SP-55-1996$P-58-1993 SP-60-1999 SP-61-1999 SP-65-1999 SP-67-1995 SP-68-199
42、7 SP-69-1996 SP-70-1998 SP-71-1997 SP-72-1999 SP-73-1991 SP-75-1998 SP-77-1995 SP-78-1998 List of MSS Standard Practices(Price List Available Upon Request)Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves and Fittings Spot Facing for Bronze,Iron and Steel Flang
43、es Standard Marking System For Valves,Fittings,Flanges and Unions(R 95)Class 150 Corrosion Resistant Gate,Glove,Angle and Check Valves with Flanged and Butt Weld Ends(R 96)Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-welding Fittings Steel Pipeline Flanges Bypass and Drain Connections(R 95)Class 150LW Corrosion Res
44、istant Cast Flanges and Flanged Fittings Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings forValves,Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components-Magnetic Particle Examination Method Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges,and Fittings and Other Piping Components-Radiographic Exami
45、nation Method Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components-Visual Method for Eval.of Surface Irregularities Pipe Hangers and Supports-Materials,Design and Manufacture Connecting Flange Joint Between Tapping Sleeves and Tapping Valves PressureTesting
46、 of Steel Valves High Pressure Chemical Industry Flanges andThreaded Stubs for Use with Lens Gaskets Butterfly Valves High Pressure Butterfly Valves with Offset Design Cast Iron Gate Valves,Flanged andThreaded Ends Pipe Hangers and Supports-Selection and Application Gray Iron Swing CheckValves,Flang
47、ed andThreaded Ends Ball Valves with Flanged or Butt-welding Ends for General Service(R 96)Brazing Joints for Wrought and Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fittings Guidelines for Pipe Support Contractual Relationships(R 92)Cast Iron Pl
48、ug Valves,Flanged andThreaded Ends SP-79-1999a Sockel-Welding Redcer Inserts SP-80-1997 Bronze Gate,Globe,Angle and Check Valves SP-81-1995 Stainless Steel,Bonnetless,Flanged,Knife Gate Valves SP-82-1992 Valve PressureTesting Methods SP-83-1995 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions,Socket-Welding andThreaded
49、 SP-85-1994 Cast Iron Globe&Angle Valves,Flanged andThreaded Ends SP-86-1997 Guidelines for Metric Data in Standards for Valves,Flanges,Fittings and Actuators SP-87-1991(R 96)Factory-Made Butt-welding Fittings for Class 1 Nuclear Piping Applications SP-86-1993 DiaphragmType Valves SP-89-1998 Pipe Ha
50、ngers and Supports-Fabrication and Installation Practices SP-90-1986(R 91)Guidelines onTerminology for Pipe Hangers and Supports SP-91-1992(R 96)Guidelines for Manual Operation ofvalves SP-92-1999(R 92)MSSValve User Guide SP-93-1999(R 92)Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves,Fl
