1、小学语法精讲精练 专题08 情态动词思考引入太棒了!我最喜欢情态动词了,因为的时候,谓语动词都是原形,不用变来变去的。合哈哈!那你真的熟悉所有的情态动词吗?你搞清楚它们的用法和区别了吗?哎.这个嘛.那今天我们就一起来学习几组常用的情态动词。知识概览知识精讲一、情态动词can/could1.表示能力，意为“会，能”(1)can多指一般性的能力Birds can fly.鸟儿会飞。She cant swim.她不会游泳。Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?What can you do?你能做什么?(2)could多指过去的能力Could you hear what I w
2、as saying?你当时能听到我在说什么吗?I couldnt afford the jacket at that time.那时我买不起这件夹克。2.表示请求或允许，在疑问句中can和could可以互换(1)can可用于疑问句和肯定句Can/Could you help me?你能帮帮我吗?You can go home now.你现在可以回家了。(2)could语气更委婉，主要用于疑问句，回答时要用canCould/Can I use your eraser?我能用一下你的橡皮擦吗?Yes,you can.是的，你可以。热身小练翻一翻。请你将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.我会下棋。_2.你
3、能帮我开一下门吗?_答案：1.I can play chess. 2.Could/Can you help me open the door?二、情态动词may/might1.表示请求或允许，might语气更委婉May I come in?我能进来吗?Might I know your name?我可以知晓你的名字吗?2.表示推测，意为“可能”,might的可能性更低(一般不用于问句)You may catch a cold.你可能是感冒了。She might get lost in the forest.她可能在森林里迷路了。热身小练翻一翻。请你根据括号内的提示将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.
4、她可能在图书馆。(可能性较大)_2.我能借(borrow)一下你的钢笔吗?(语气较委婉)_答案：1. She may be in the library. 2.Might I borrow your pen?三、情态动词must/have to1.表示命令、必要，意为“必须，不得不”(1)must侧重主观上的“必须”We must follow the traffic rules.我们必须遵守交通规则。(2)have to侧重客观上的“必须”,有人称和时态变化My brother is ill. I have to look after him at home.我的弟弟病了，我不得不在家照顾他
5、。That night we had to walk home because there was no bus.因为没有公交车了，那天晚上我们不得不走路回家。2.must表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”,用于肯定句中He must be late again.他肯定又迟到了。He must be an English.他一定是个英国人。热身小练填一填。请你用情态动词must和have to将下列句子补充完整。1.He_be in the classroom.2.Its raining outside. He_stay at home.答案：1.must 2. has to四、情态动词wi
6、ll/would1.表示意愿、决心，意为“想要，愿意”(1)will表示现在的意愿Go wherever you will.你愿意去哪儿就去哪儿。(2)would表示过去的意愿She asked if I would go with them.她问我是否愿意跟他们一起去。2.表示请求，用于第二人称的疑问句中，would语气更委婉Will you have some more tea?再来点儿茶，好吗?Would you like something to drink?你想喝点儿什么吗?would like是一个动词短语，表示“想要”热身小练填一填。请你用情态动词will和would将下列句子补
7、充宪整。1.Mr.Li_see you now.2._you like some coffee?答案：1.will 2. Would五、情态动词should1.表示义务，意为“应该”We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。2.表示建议或劝告，意为“应该，应当”You should see a doctor.你应该去看医生。3.表示推测，意为“应该，可能，大概”He should arrive soon.他应该很快就到了。The train should have already left.火车可能已经走了。热身小练翻一翻。请你将下列中文句子翻译成英
8、文。1.你应该早点起床。_2.他不应该酒后(after drink)驾车。_3.我们天黑(dark)以前应该能到。_答案：1.You should get up early.2. He should not drive after drinking.3. We should arrive before dark.知识精练一、单选题( )1People _ use mobile phones when driving. AshouldBshouldntCcan( )2Because of coronavirus epidemic(冠状病毒疫情), the people in Shanghai _
9、 stay at home, and they _ go out or get together. Amust; canBmustnt; mustCmust; mustnt( )3Drivers _ drive on the left side of the road in the United Kingdom. AmustntBcantCmust( )4Children _ eat _ sweet food. Ashouldnt; a lot ofBshould; a lot ofCmustnt; someDmust; some( )5_ you see the red man? You _
10、 cross the road now. AShould; mustntBCan; mustntCCan; must( )6Five years ago,Tim was short, but he _ play basketball well. AcouldntBcouldCcan( )7She _ go cycling before. But now she can _ a bike well. Acant; rideBcouldnt; ridingCcouldnt; ride( )8We _ walk on the grass in the park. AmustBcanCcantDmus
11、tnt( )9We _ use glass bottles. We _ use too many plastic bottles. Ashould; shouldBshouldnt; shouldCshould; shouldnt( )10Mum, can I watch TV? No, you cant. Its too late. You _ go to bed.AcanBhas toCmust( )11_ I watch TV? No. Its too late. You _ go to bed now.ACan; mustBMay; mustntCCan; cant( )12My br
12、other _ use computers when he was at school. AcantBcouldntCwasnt( )13We _ kill wild animals. AshouldBshouldntCdoesnt( )14_ you jump far, Sam? Yes, I can.ACanBWillCHaveDMay( )15Look at this sign. You _ run on the road. Its dangerous. AcantBshouldntCmustDmustnt二、选词/短语填空16To have good teeth, we _ (shou
13、ld/shouldnt) eat too many sweets.17This old man _ (can / cant) sit down. A kind girl helps him.18I _ (couldnt / could) run fast or play football very well.19Here is the red light now. We _ (can / cant) _ (cross / across) the road.20When you go to a Western party, you _ (should / shouldnt) take a gif
14、t.21_ (Can / Must) he swim in the swimming pool?Yes, he must.22_ (Can / Must) I watch the film with my friend this afternoon, Mum?Yes, you _ (can / must). But you _ (can / must) clean your bedroom first. It is so messy.23_ (Can / Must) Tom finish his homework now?No, he neednt.24People _ (cant / mus
15、tnt) take photos in some special museums.25You _ (can / must) kill her right now! said the bad queen.三、用单词正确形式填空26The little boy _ (can) read because he was too young.27You _ (must) play football on the road because there are many cars.28Because of the COVID-19 (新冠病毒), we _ (can) go to school last m
16、onth.29He should _ (do) more sports and he can be healthy.30In the library, we _ (should) talk, we _ (should) read books.31The rabbit _ (can) jump.四、改写句子32He could play basketball very well. (改为否定句)He _ play basketball very well.33We cant throw rubbish on the ground.（变成肯定句）_34You should do that.（改为否
17、定句）You_ do that.35Su Hai can dance and play the piano. (对画线部分提问)What _ Su Hai _?答案：1B2C3C4A5B6B7C8D9C10C11A12B13B14A15D16shouldnt17cant18couldnt19cant cross20should21Must22Can can must23Must24mustnt25must26couldnt27mustnt28couldnt29do30shouldnt should31can32could not/couldnt33We can throw rubbish on the ground.34shouldnt35can do记忆口诀情态动词人称与数无变化,动词原形跟着它。can,could表能力,请求允许也可用。may,might两准许,此外还可表推测。must,have to是必须,一主一客要纪清。will,would表请求,还表意愿和决心。should应该表义务,劝告推测也可以。
