1、PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesayingHelpothers,andyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneed.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考
2、了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachc
3、hoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ManyEuropeancountrieshavebeenmakingtheshifttoelectricvehiclesandGermanyhasjuststatedthattheyplantobanthesaleofvehiclesusinggasol
4、ineanddieselasfuelby2030.Thecountryisalsoplanningtoreduceitscarbonfootprintby80-95%by2050,26ashifttogreenenergyinthecountry.Effectively,thebanwillincludetheregistrationofnewcarsinthecountryastheywillnotallowanygasoline27vehicletoberegisteredafter2030.Partofthereasonthisbanisbeingdiscussedand28isbeca
5、useenergyofficialsseethattheywillnotreachtheiremissionsgoalsby2050iftheydonot29alargeportionofvehicleemissions.Thecountryisstill30thatitwillmeetitsemissionsgoals,likereducingemissionsby40%by2020,butthe31ofelectriccarsinthecountryhasnotoccurredasfastasejected.Othereffortstoincreasetheuseofelectricveh
6、iclesincludeplanstobuildover1millionhybridandelectriccarbatterychangingstationsacrossthecountry.By2030,Germanyplansonhavingover6millionchargingstations32.AccordingtotheInternationalBusinessTimes,electriccarsalesareexpectedtoincreaseasVolkswagenisstillrecoveringfromitsemissionsscandal.Thereare33aroun
7、d155,000registeredhybridandelectricvehiclesonGermanroads,dwarfedbythe45milliongasolineanddieselcarsdrivingtherenow.Ascountriescontinuesettinggoalsofreducingemissions,greaterstepsneedtobetakentohavea34effectonthesurroundingenvironment.Whiletheeffortsarecertainlynot35,theresultsofsuchbanswilllikelyonl
8、ystarttobeseenbygenerationsdowntheline,betteringtheworldforthefuture.A)acceptanceB)currentlyC)disruptingD)eliminateE)exhaustF)futileG)hopefulH)implementedI)incidentallyJ)installedK)noticeableL)poweredM)restorationN)skepticalO)sparkingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtens
9、tatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ApplesStanceHighlightsaMoreConfront
10、ationalTechIndustryAThebattlebetweenAppleandlawenforcementofficialsoverunlockingaterroristssmartphoneistheculminationofaslowturningofthetablesbetweenthetechnologyindustryandtheUnitedStatesgovernment.BAfterrevelationsbytheformerNationalSecurityAgencycontractorEdwardJ.Snowdenin2013thatthegovernmentbot
11、hcoziedupto(讨好)certaintechcompaniesandhackedintootherstogainaccesstoprivatedataonanenormousscale,techgiantsbegantorecognizetheUnitedStatesgovernmentasahostileactor.Butiftheconfrontationhascrystallizedinthislatestbattle,itmayalreadybeheadingtowardapredictableconclusion:Inthelongrun,thetechcompaniesar
12、edestinedtoemergevictorious.CItmaynotseemthatwayatthemoment.Ontheoneside,youhavetheUnitedStatesgovernmentsmightylegalandsecurityapparatusfightingfordataofthemostsympatheticsort:thesecretsburiedinadeadmassmurderersphone.TheactionsteinsfromafederalcourtorderissuedonTuesdayrequiringAppletohelptheFedera
13、lBureauofInvestigation(FBI)tounlockaniPhoneusedbyoneofthetwoattackerswhokilled14peopleinSanBernardino,California,inDecember.DIntheothercorneristheworldsmostvaluablecompany,whosechiefexecutive,TimothyCook,hassaidhewillappealthecourtsorder.Applearguesthatitisfightingtopreserveaprinciplethatmostofuswho
14、areaddictedtooursmartphonescandefend:WeakenasingleiPhonesothatitscontentscanbeviewedbytheAmericangovernmentandyouriskweakeningalliPhonesforanygovernmentintruder,anywhere.ETherewillprobablybemonthsoflegalconfrontation,anditisnotatallclearwhichsidewillprevailincourt,norinthebattleforpublicopinionandle
15、gislativefavor.Yetunderlyingallofthisisasimpledynamic:Apple,Google,Facebookandothercompaniesholdmostofthecardsinthisconfrontation.Theyhaveourdata,andtheirbusinessesdependontheglobalpublicscollectivebeliefthattheywilldoeverythingtheycantoprotectthatdata.FAnycrackinthatfrontcouldbefatalfortechcompanie
16、sthatmustoperateworldwide.IfAppleisforcedtoopenupaniPhoneforanAmericanlawenforcementinvestigation,whatistopreventitfromdoingsoforarequestfromtheRussiansortheIranians?IfAppleisforcedtowritecodethatletstheFBIgetintothePhone5cusedbySyedRizwanFarook,themaleattackerintheSanBernardinoattack,whowouldberesp
17、onsibleifsomehackergotholdofthatcodeandbrokeintoitsotherdevices?GApplesstanceontheseissuesemergedpost-Snowden,whenthecompanystartedputtinginplaceaseriesoftechnologiesthat,bydefault,makeuseofencryption(加密）tolimitaccesstopeoplesdata.Morethanthat,Appleand,indifferentways,othertechcompanies,includingGoo
18、gle,Facebook,TwitterandMicrosofthavemadetheiroppositiontothegovernmentsclaimsapointofcorporatepride.HApplesemergingglobalbrandisprivacy;ithasstakeditscorporatereputation,nottomentiontheinvestmentofconsiderabletechnicalandfinancialresources,onlimitingthesortofmasssurveillancethatwasuncoveredbyMr.Snow
19、den.Sonow,formanycasesinvolvinggovernmentalintrusionsintodata,once-lonelyprivacyadvocatesfindthemselvesfightingalongsidethemostpowerfulcompanyintheworld.I Acomparisonpointisinthe1990sbattlesoverencryption,saidKurtOpsahl,generalcounseloftheElectronicFrontierFoundation,aprivacywatchdoggroup. Thenyouha
20、dafewcompaniesinvolved,butnotoneofthelargestcompaniesintheworldcomingoutwithalengthyandimpassionedpost,likewesawyesterdayfromTimothyCook.Itsprofilehasreallybeenraised.JAppleandoiliertechcompaniesholdanotherace:thetechnicalmeanstokeepmakingtheirdevicesmoreandmoreinaccessible.NotethatApplespublicoppos
21、itiontothegovernmentsrequestisitselfahindrancetomassgovernmentintrusion.AndtogetatthecontentsofasingleiPhone,thegovernmentsaysitneedsacourtorderandAppleshelptowritenewcode;inearlierversionsoftheiPhone,onesthatwerecreatedbeforeApplefoundreligionon(热衷于)privacy,theFBImighthavebeenabletobreakintothedevi
22、cebyitself.KYoucanexpectthatnoose(束缚)tocontinuetotighten.ExpertssaidthatwhetherornotApplelosesthisspecificcase,measuresthatitcouldputintoplaceinthefuturewillalmostcertainlybeabletofurtherlimitthegovernmentsreach.LThatisnottosaythattheoutcomeoftheSanBernardinocaseisinsignificant.Asappleandseveralsecu
23、rityexpertshaveargued,anordercompellingAppletowritesoftwarethatgivestheFBIaccesstotheiPhoneinquestionwouldestablishanunsettlingprecedent.TheorderessentiallyasksAppletohackitsowndevices,andonceitisinplace,theprecedentcouldbeusedtojustifylawenforcementeffortstogetaroundencryptiontechnologiesinotherinv
24、estigationsfarremovedfromnationalsecuritythreats.MOnceaimedwithamethodforgainingaccesstoiPhones,thegovernmentcouldasktouseitproactively(先发制人地),beforeasuspectedterroristattackleavingAppleinabindastowhethertocomplyorriskanattackandsufferapublic-relationsnightmare. Thisisabrandnewmoveinthewaragainstenc
25、ryption,Mr.Opsahlsaid. WehavehadplentyofdebatesinCongressandthemediaoverwhetherthegovernmentshouldhaveabackdoor,andthisisanendrun(迂回战术)aroundthatheretheycomewithanordertocreatethatbackdoor.NYetitisworthnotingthatevenifAppleultimatelylosesthiscase,ithasplentyoftechnicalmeanstocloseabackdoorovertime.
26、Iftheyareanywherenearworththeirsaltasengineers,Ibettheyarerethinkingtheirthreatmodelaswespeak,saidJonathanZdziarski,adigitalexpertwhostudiestheiPhoneanditsvulnerabilities.OOnerelativelysimplefix,Mr.Zdziarskisaid,wouldbeforAppletomodifyfutureversionsoftheiPhonetorequireausertoenterapasscodebeforethep
27、honewillacceptthesortofmodifiedoperatingsystemthattheFBIwantsAppletocreate.Thatway,ApplecouldnotunilaterallyintroduceacodethatweakenstheiPhoneauserwouldhavetoconsenttoit.P Nothingis100percenthacker-proof,Mr.Zdziarskisaid,buthepointedoutthatthejudgesorderinthiscaserequiredAppletoprovidereasonablesecu
28、rityassistancetounlockMr.Farooksphone.IfApplealtersthesecuritymodeloffutureiPhonessothatevenitsownengineersreasonableassistancewillnotbeabletocrackagivendevicewhencompelledbythegovernment,aprecedentsetinthiscasemightloseitslastingforce.Inotherwords,eveniftheFBIwinsthiscase,inthelongrun,itloses.36.It
29、isapopularbeliefthattechcompaniesarecommittedtoprotectingtheircustomersprivatedata.37.TheUSgovernmentbelievesthatitsaccesstopeoplesiPhonescouldbeusedtopreventterroristattacks.38.AfederalcourtaskedAppletohelptheFBIaccessdatainaterroristsiPhone.39.PrivacyadvocatesnowhaveApplefightingalongsidethemagain
30、stgovernmentaccesstopersonaldata.40.SnowdenrevealedthattheAmericangovernmenthadtriedhardtoaccessprivatedataonamassivescale.41.TheFBImighthavebeenabletoaccessprivatedatainearlieriPhoneswithoutAppleshelp.42.AftertheSnowdenincident,Applemadeclearitspositiontocountergovernmentintrusionintopersonaldataby
31、meansofencryption.43.Accordingtoonedigitalexpert,noiPhonecanbeentirelyfreefromhacking.44.TimothyCookslongwebposthashelpedenhanceApplesimage.45.ApplesCEOhasdecidedtoappealthefederalcourtsordertounlockausersiPhone.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor
32、unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AtthebaseofamountaininTanzaniasGregoryRift,LakeNatronburnsbrightred
33、,surroundedbytheremainsofanimalsthatwereunfortunateenoughtofallintothesaltywater.Bats,swallowsandmorearechemicallypreservedintheposeinwhichtheyperished,sealedinthedepositsofsodiumcarbonateinthewater.Thelakeslandscapeisbizarreanddeadlyandmadeevenmoresobythefactthatitstheplacewherenearly75percentofthe
34、worldsflamingos(火烈鸟）areborn.Thewaterissocorrosivethatitcanburntheskinandeyesofunadaptedanimals.Flamingos,however,aretheonlyspeciesthatactuallymakeslifeinthemidstofallthatdeath.Onceeverythreeorfouryears,whenconditionsareright,thelakeiscoveredwiththepinkbirdsastheystopflighttobreed.Three-quartersofthe
35、worldsflamingosflyoverfromothersaltlakesintheRiftValleyandnestonsalt-crystalislandsthatappearwhenthewaterisataspecificleveltoohighandthebirdscantbuildtheirnests,toolowandpredatorscanmovebrisklyacrossthelakebedandattack.Whenthewaterhitstherightlevel,thebabybirdsarekeptsafefrompredatorsbyacorrosivedit
36、ch.Flamingoshaveevolvedveryleatheryskinontheirlegssotheycantoleratethesaltwater,saysDavidHarper,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeicester. Humanscannot,andwoulddieiftheirlegswereexposedforanylengthoftime.Sofarthisyear,waterlevelshavebeentoohighfortheflamingostonest.Somefish,too,havehadlimitedsuccessvacat
37、ioningatthelakeaslesssaltylagoons(泻湖)formontheouteredgesfromhotspringsflowingintoLakeNatron.Threespeciesoftilapia(罗非鱼)thrivetherepart-time. Fishhavearefugeinthestreamsandcanexpandintothelagoonswhenthelakeislowandthelagoonsareseparate,Harpersaid. Allthelagoonsjoinwhenthelakeishighandfishmustretreatto
38、theirstreamrefugesordie.Otherwise,nofishareabletosurviveinthenaturallytoxiclake.Thisuniqueecosystemmaysoonbeunderpressure.TheTanzaniangovernmenthasonceagainstartedminingthelakeforsodaash,usedformakingchemicals,glassanddetergents.Althoughtheplannedoperationwillbelocatedmorethan40milesaway,drawingthes
39、odaashinthroughpipelines,conservationistsworryitcouldstillupsetthenaturalwatercycleandbreedinggrounds.Fornow,though,lifeprevailseveninalakethatkillsalmosteverythingittouches.46.WhatcanwelearnaboutLakeNatron?A)Itissimplyuninhabitableformostanimals.B)Itremainslittleknowntotheoutsideworld.C)Itisabreedi
40、nggroundforavarietyofbirds.D)Itmakesanidealhabitatforlotsofpredators.47.Flamingosnestonlywhenthelakewaterisataspecificlevelsothattheirbabiescan.A)findsafesheltermoreeasilyB)growthickfeathersontheirfeetC)stayawayfrompredatorsD)getaccustomedtothesaltywater48.FlamingosintheRiftValleyareuniqueinthat.A)t
41、heycanmoveswiftlyacrosslagoonsB)theycansurvivewellinsaltywaterC)theybreednaturallyincorrosiveditchesD)theyknowwhereandwhentonest49.WhycancertainspeciesoftilapiasometimessurvivearoundLakeNatron?A)Theycantakerefugeinthelesssaltywaters.B)Theycanfleequickenoughfrompredators.C)Theycanmovefreelyfromlagoontolagoon.D)Theycanstandtheheatofthespringwater.50.WhatmaybetheconsequenceofTanzaniangovernmentsplan
