1、 粉笔公考官方微信 银行校招笔试系统班 英语讲义 理 论 攻 坚 1 目录 英语基础知识.2 一、基础词法.2 1.动词考点.2 2.名词考点.4 3.形容词/副词考点.5 4.介词考点.5 二、句法结构.13 1.简单句结构.13 2.并列句结构.14 3.从句结构.16 其他特殊结构.18 2 词汇准备词汇准备 大学英语四级词汇表（未过大学英语六级的同学）银行招考英语核心词汇（所有同学）英语基础知识英语基础知识 一一、基础词法基础词法 1.动词考点动词考点 动词定义：表示动作或状态的词汇 (1)谓语动词 动词时态 英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动
2、作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。过去 一般过去时 did When I was a kid,I often played football in the street.过去进行时 was/were doing My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.过去完成时 had done When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.现在 一般现在时 do/does I leave home for school at 7 every morning
3、.现在进行时 am/is/are doing We are having class now.现在完成时 have/has done I have seen this film.思考与后面这句的区别：I saw this film yesterday.将来 一般将来时 will/be going to do The play is going to be produced next month.将来进行时 will be doing Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.3 将来完成时 will have done You will have re
4、ached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.动词语态 主动语态是表示主语是谓语动作的使动方的语态。在主动语态中，谓语的动作源自主语，而施加于宾语。相反，在被动语态中，主语是谓语动作的受动方。主动 The enemies killed the soldiers.被动 The soldiers were killed by the enemies.例题 1.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_.A.will expect B.are expecting C.ex
5、pect D.had expected 2.We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A.are being made B.will be made C.have been made D.had been made (2)非谓语动词 动名词 1.Eating meals regularly is important for your health.2.One of my favorite activities is surfing the internet.3.I enjoy watching movies in my spare
6、time.4.My brother is proud of having many good friends.不定式 1.To read books in English is very important for improving your vocabulary.（It is very important to read books in English to improve your vocabulary.）2.The main purpose of traveling is to experience new things.3.I always need a book to read
7、on the subway.4.In order to earn more money in the future,people try to get accepted to good schools.分词 1.The student sitting by the window is dozing.2.Almost all of the people invited to the party are coming.3.Traveling in other countries,you should follow their customs.4.Addicted to the internet,s
8、ome children have become otaku.例题 1.Attachments _ to your Hotmail account can be downloaded to your personal computer by clicking them.A.sending B.to send C.sent D.are sent 2._ the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.4 A.Approaching B.Approached C.To approach D.To be appro
9、ached 3.According to a research,about 17 percent of the American children _ dealing with the problem of obesity,which _ attracted the attention of the health organization.A.is;have B.being;has C.are;has D.to be;have 2.名词考点名词考点 名词定义：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称 名词词尾 1.动词加后缀转化为名词-er 人 drive(驾驶)driver(司机)write(写)
10、writer(作者)report(报告,报道)reporter(记者，通讯员)dance(跳舞)dancer(跳舞的人)-or 人 act actor(演员)sail sailor(水手)direct director(导演)-al deny denial(否认，拒绝)betray betrayal(背叛)dismiss dismissal(解雇)withdraw withdrawal(撤回，撤退)-ing feel feeling(感觉)shop shopping(购物)read reading(阅读)-ation examine examination(检查，考试)educate educ
11、ation(教育)decorate decoration(装饰)-ion act action(行动)collect collection(收集物)create creation(创造）decide decision(决定)2.形容词加后缀转化为名词 以 ble 结尾的形容词，常可用 ility 词尾转化成名词，如:stable stability(稳定)available availability(可用)capable capability(能力，本领)possible possibility(可能性)visible visibility(可见性，可见度)responsible respon
12、sibility(责任,负责)flexible flexibility(弹性）以 te 或 t 结尾的形容词，转化为以 cy 结尾的名词，如:accurate accuracy(准确）efficient efficiency(高效)private(私人的)privacy(隐私)-ness happy happiness(快乐）weak weakness(软弱)sad sadness(悲伤)-ty loyal loyalty(忠诚)safe safety(安全)cruel cruelty(残暴)-ity prosperity(繁荣)equality(平等)majority(大多数)3.其他常见后
13、缀-an 或-ese 表示某个国家或地区的人 American(美国人)Russian(俄国人)Asian(亚洲人)African(非洲人)Chinese(中国人)Japanese(日本人)Portuguese(葡萄牙人)Vietnamese(越南人)-ence difference(不同)preference(偏好)existence(存在)diligence(勤勉)-ian 某方面的专才 musician(音乐家)historian(历史学家)mathematician(数学家）-ee 受动者 employee(雇员)absentee(缺席者)-ist 人 capitalist(资本家)c
14、ommunist(共产主义者)racist(种族主义者)例题 1.American travelers abroad have discovered that they can buy more foreign with their 5 dollar.A.currented B.currently C.currency D.current 2.Last year,33 percent of the _ worked in secondary industries and 48 percent worked in the tertiary sector.A.populate B.populati
15、on C.popularize D.popular 3.形容词形容词/副词考点副词考点 形容词定义：说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词 副词定义：表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念 一般形容词后加 ly 是副词 特殊情况形容词与副词同形：fast,hard,far,straight,dead,high,pretty,tight,well,short 常见比较级修饰词：far,much,rather,even,still,a little,any 例题：1.Weve spent so much on advertisements,but
16、 the results are not _.A.satisfied B.satisfying C.satisfy D.satisfactorily 2.You can find it in our _brochure,along with some of our other models.A.last B.late C.lately D.latest 4.介词考点介词考点 介词定义：表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面 6 一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。常见介词 1.表时间的介词：at,in,on,bef
17、ore,after,since,for,until,from,between,by,during,throughout,within,over 2.表地点的：at,from,between,near,beside,close to,next to,behind,in front of,ahead of,before,beyond,past 3.表工具或媒介：by the means of,with,through 4.表原因：for,because of,as a result of,owing to,on account of,due to 常见介词搭配 above all 首先；尤其是 a
18、fter all 毕竟，终究 ahead of 在.之前 ahead of time 提前；提早 all at once 突然；同时，一起 all but 几乎，差一点 all of a sudden 突然地，出乎意料地 all over 到处，遍及；浑身；全部结束 all over again 再一次，重新 all the same 仍然，照样地 all the time 一直，始终 and so on/forth 诸如此类，等等 anything but 根本不，决不 apart from 远离，除之外；且不说；缺少 as a matter of fact 事实上，其实 as a resu
19、lt 因此，作为结果 as a result of 因此，由于；作为的结果 as a rule 通常，一般说来 as for/to 至于，关于 as usual 像往常一样；照例 aside from 除了.以外(尚有)at a loss 亏本地；困惑不解 at all costs 无论如何，不惜任何代价 at all events 无论如何，不管怎样 at any rate 无论如何；至少 at best 充其量，至多 at first 起先，首先；最初 at first sight 乍一看；初看之下 at hand 在手边；即将到来 at heart 本质上，内心里 at interval
20、s 不时；每隔.时间/距离 7 at large 详尽的；未被捕的，整个的 at last 终于 at least 至少，无论如何 at length 最后，终于；详细地 at most 至多，不超过 at no time 从不，决不 at once 立刻，马上；同时，一起 at one time 曾经，一度；同时 at present 现在，目前 at sb.s disposal 由某人支配，由某人使用；由某人做主 at the cost of 以为代价 at the same time 同时；然而 at this rate 这样的话，照这样下去 at times 有时；偶尔 back an
21、d forth 反复地，来回地 because of 因为，由于 before long 不久（以后）beside the point 离题，不中肯，不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问，确定无疑 by accident 偶然；意外地 by air 乘飞机；通过航空途径 by all means 一定，务必；尽一切办法 by chance 偶然；意外地 by means of 用，依靠 by mistake 错误地，无意中(做了某件错事)by no means 决不，并没有 by reason of 由于；因为 by the way 顺便说说，顺便问一下；在途中 by/in vi
22、rtue of 依靠.(的力量)；由于 by way of 通过.方法/形式；经过，经由 for ever 永远；永久地 for good 永久地；一劳永逸地 for instance 例如，比如 for the better 好转，向好的方向发展 for the moment/present 暂时；目前 for the sake of 为了，为了.的利益 for the time being 暂时；眼下 from time to time 有时；不时 from now on 今后，从今以后 in a hurry 匆忙；很快地；急于 in a moment 立即，马上 in a sense 从
23、某种意义上说 8 in a/one way 从某一点上看，在某种程度上 in a/one word 简言之，总之，一句话 in accordance with 与.一致；按照，依据 in addition 另外，加之 in addition to 除.之外(还)in advance 预先，事先 in all 总共，合计 in any case 无论如何，总之 in brief 简言之；以简洁的形式 in case of 万一；如果发生；假设 in charge of 主管，负责 in common 共用的，共有的 in consequence of 由于的缘故 in debt 欠债，欠情 in
24、 detail 详细地 in difficulty 处境困难 in effect 实际上；事实上 in favor of 有利于；支持；赞同 in future 今后，从今以后 in general 总之，通常；一般而言 in hand 在手头；在进行中；在控制中 in honour of 为纪念；为庆祝 in itself 以其本身而言，本质上 in line with 跟.一致，符合 in memory of 以纪念.，为了纪念.in no case 决不，无论如何不 in on way 一点也不；决不 in order to 为了.，以.为目的 in other words 也就是说，换
25、句话说 in part 在某种程度上；部分地 in particular 特别地；尤其 in place 在合适的位置；适当的，相称的 in place of 代替，取代，交换 in practice 在实践中；在不断练习中 in proportion to 与.成比例；与.相称 in quantity(=in large quantities)大量 in question 正被谈论的 in relation to 关于，涉及，有关；与.相比 in return 作为报答；作为回报 in return for 作为.的交换；作为.的报答 in short 总之，简言之 in sight of
26、被见到，看得见；在望，在即 9 in spite of 尽管；不管，不顾 in step 步调一致地；合拍 in step with 与.合步调，与.步调一致 in tears 流着泪；含着泪；哭着 in the course of 在.期间，在.过程中 in the distance 在远处 in the end 最后，终于 in the event of 如果.发生，万一 in the face of 面对；即使；在.前面 in the first place 首先，第一点 in the future 将来 in the least 一点儿，丝毫 in the light of 鉴于，由于
27、；按照，根据 in the way 挡道的，妨碍人的，使人不便的 in the world 到底，究竟 in time 及时，最后，终于 in touch 联系，接触；有.的附近 in touch with 与.有联系，有.的消息 in turn 依次，轮流；反过来 in vain 徒劳，白辛苦；不尊敬地 instead of 代替，而不是.more or less 或多或少，左右，有点儿 no doubt 无疑地 no longer 不再 no more 不再;不再存在；也不 now and then 时而，不时，偶尔 of course 当然，自然 on and off 有时；断断续续地；
28、间歇地 off duty 下班 on a large scale 大规模地 on a small scale 小规模地 on account of 因为；由于 on the average 平均而言，通常 on behalf of 代表.为了.on board 在船（或车、飞机）上 on business 因事，因公 on condition that 如果.，在.条件下 on duty 值班，当班 on earth 究竟；到底；在世界上 on fire 起火，着火 on foot 步行；在进行中 on guard 站岗，值班 10 on hand 现有，在手头；在场，到场 on occasi
29、ons 间或，有时 on ones guard 警惕，提防 on ones own 独自地;独立地 on purpose 有意，故意地 on sale 出售；上市；廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表；准时 on second thoughts 进一步考虑后，继而一想 on the contrary 正相反 on the grounds of 以.为理由，根据 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on/upon the point of 即将.之时，正要.的时候 on the road 在旅途中，(to)在.过程中 on the side
30、 作为兼职；另外 on/upon the spot 立场，立即；在现场 on the whole 总的看来，大体上 once for all 一劳永逸地，永远地 once in a while 偶尔，间或 once more/again 再一次 once upon a time(常用于故事开头)从前 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时的；废弃的 out of order 不整齐；(工作)不正常的，出故障的 out of place 不在合适的位置；不恰当的 out of practice 荒疏；久不练习 out of
31、sight 看不见，在视程之外 out of the question 办不到的，不可能的；不必谈的 out of touch(with)与.失去联系，没有.的消息 over and over(again)反复，再三 so as to 为的是，结果使.，以致 so.as to 如此.以致 so far 迄今为止；就此说来 so/as far as.be concerned 就.而言 sooner or later 迟早，早晚 thanks to 幸亏；由于 to the point 切题，中肯，切中要害 under control 被控制住 under/in the circumstances
32、 在这种情况下,(情况)既然如此 under way 在进行中；(船)在行进 up to 忙于，从事于；胜任，适于；直到 11 up/down date 现代化的，切合目前情况的，时新的 with/in regard to 关于，至于 with relation to 关于，涉及，有关；与.相比 with respect to 关于，至于 with the exception of 除.外，毫无疑问，毫无异议 within sight of 被见到，看得见；在望，在即 word for word 逐字，一字不变地 常用动词短语搭配 含 break 词组：1.break away from 摆脱
33、、逃掉、改掉、断绝来往。例：The little boy broke away from his mother and ran away.2.break down 损坏、身体衰弱。例：The car broke down.3.break in 闯入、插嘴。vi.例：Dont break in when others are speaking.4.break into 闯入、打断，突然开始。例：They broke into the house.5.break out 爆发、发生。例：A quarrel broke out between them.含 call 词组：1.call for 叫（
34、某人），接（某人），要求、需要。例：Ill call for you tomorrow morning.2.call in 召集、召来。例：Wed better call in a doctor.3.call on/upon 访问、探望（某人）、号召。例：I called on him yesterday.4.call at 访问、探望（某处）。例：I hope to call at your office some day.5.call up 给打电话、使人想起。例：The picture calls up scenes of my childhood.含 catch 词组 1.catch/
35、take/get hold of 握、抓住。例：He caught hold of the pigs ear.2.catch sight ofsee 看到、发现。例：The little girl cried as soon as she caught sight of her mother.3.catch up with 赶上。例：He tried to catch up with his classmates.含 come 词组 e along 一起来，来到、快点。例：Come along,or well be e back 回来，恢复知觉、复活、被回忆起来。例：When he came
36、back he found himeself tied to a e down 下来，下降、跌价。例：I dont think the price of meat will come e in 进来。e on/upon 快点、赶快、进展、进行、偶遇。e out 出来、出版。例：The magazine comes out e to 到达、谈到、涉及、合计、总计。e up 走过来、走近、长出、发芽。例：The seeds hasnt come up yet.12 cost，spend，pay，take 1.cost 句型：sth.cost money/time；sth.cost sb.time/
37、money/劳力 2.spend 句型：表“花费时”：sb.spend time/money on sth./(in/on)doing sth.表“度过时”：sb.spend time 等介词场所、活动等。例：We spent two hours in a pleasant talk yesterday.3.pay 句型：pay sb.(money),pay(money)for sth,pay sb.for sth,sb.is paid 词组：pay off 付清，pay back 归还、偿还、报答，pay attention to 注意 4.take 句型：1)sth.takes time/
38、money/energy 例：The journey will take two days.2)sth.takes time/money/energy to do 例：The work took us three hours to finish.3)It takes(sb.)time/money/energy to do sth.take 词组：1)takeaway.拿走、移动 2)take back 收回、撤消 3)take care of 照顾、注意 4)take down 记下、写下、取下 5)take off 脱去、起飞 6)take place 发生、举行 7)take up 提出，
39、从事，占（时间、地点等）例：take up a problem 提出一个问题，take up the struggle 从事斗争，take up much room 占很多地方 8)takeout 取出、拿出 含 do 词组 1.do some cleaning/washing/shopping/打扫卫生洗东西买东西 2.do ones lessons/homework 做功课做作业 3.do wrong 做坏事、犯罪 4.do sb.good/harm/wrong/a favourdo good/harm/wrong/a favour for sb.对某人有益有害冤枉帮忙 5.do away
40、 with 取消、废除 6.do ones best 尽力、努力 7.do well in 做得好，在方面取得好成绩 8.do with 对付、处理，与相处。例：He is difficult to do with.他很难处。9.have sth.to do with 与有关 10.do something/nothing 采取措施未采取措施 例题 1._their regular daytime job,many people do extra work in the evening.A.Between B.Beside C.Besides D.By 13 2.Differential di
41、agnosis methods help to rule _ unrelated diseases based on the information provided.A.out B.with C.in D.for 二二、句法结构句法结构 1.简单句结构简单句结构 句子必须有主语(1)+谓语(1)句子还可以有宾语、表语、定语、状语 Jeremy wants to major in chemistry in college.Chemistry is his favorite subject.Wants to major in chemistry.Jeremy to major in chemis
42、try.Because Jeremy likes chemistry.五种基本句型 1.S+V My grandparents live in a small town.This meeting will last for at least three hours.2.S+V+O Students should follow school rules.Some people prefer to get up early in the morning.3.S+LV+P Parents are the best teachers for their children.Computers have
43、become very useful tools in modern life.4.S+V+IO+DO Some schools give their students a long summer vacation.We should ask ourselves what the most important thing in our lives is.5.S+V+O+OC 14 Good friends make school life happy.Watching fun movies allows me to take a break from my busy routine.2.并列句
44、结构并列句结构 平行结构 同类项并列（词性和形式一致）并列平行：Junk food may cause diabetes,heart diseases,and may make you gain weight.Junk food may cause diabetes,heart disease,and obesity.(名词)Junk food may cause you to develop diabetes,to have heart disease,and to gain weight.(短语)If you eat junk foods,it is said that you may d
45、evelop diabetes,that you may have heart disease,and that you may gain weight.(从句)词级 Not every expensive handmade item is both creative and an art.Trains,buses,and a ferry are examples of public transportation.Some work needs to be done not quickly but precisely.短语级 He not only finished his reading a
46、ssignment but also writing an essay.It is easier to forgive than hating someone.Working out,eating organic foods,and to take a rest are the best ways to maintain good health.从句级 When we took our trip,we not only visited Rome but also skiing in Switzerland.The mass media neither gives us the necessar
47、y information nor telling us the truth.Either you save money for a rainy day or just splurge today.并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。常见的并列连接词（fanboys）For/and/nor/but/or/yet/so 并列句中：1.表并列关系的 由 and,both.and,as well as,not only.but(also),neither.nor 等组成。She can not only sing but als
48、o dance.2.表转折关系的 与 but,yet 等连用。The film is not perfect,but its good.3.表选择关系的 由 or,either.or.,not.but.,or else（否则）连接 15 Take the chance,or else you will regret it.4.表因果关系的 与 for,so 等连用。Id better take an umbrella for it is going to rain.例题 1.We need to involve at least 20 people on this project,_it ca
49、nt go ahead.A.however B.even if C.due to D.otherwise 2.He holds an important position in the company._,I dont quite trust him.A.thus B.furthermore C.otherwise D.nevertheless 3.We appreciate your patience and hope to serve you in a timelier manner in the future._,please contact our order department a
50、t 716-555-0160 with any questions.A.Instead B.Meanwhile C.In contrast D.Besides 4.It is very important that the text is neither too detailed _ too complex for the intended readers.A.nor B.or C.no D.not 例句分析 1.They are commonly willing to share details such as their frequent flyer or hotel loyalty nu
