1、绝密启用前英语（二）英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.
2、考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(IO points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.
3、I.Joe as a mindless war toy,the symbol of American military adventurism,but thats not how it used to be.To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated,the G.I.was the 2 man grown into hero,the poor farm kid tom away from his home,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle,who
4、slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4 of food and shelter,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder.This was not a volunteer soldier,not someone well paid,5 an average guy,up 6 the best trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isnt much.G.I
5、.is just a military abbreviation_ Government Issue,and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers.And Joe?A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe Palooka,Joe Magraca working class name.The United States has_lQ had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.G.I.Jo
6、e had a 11 career fighting German,Japanese,and Korean troops.He appears as a character,or a 12 of American personalities,in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I.Joe,based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle.Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famous for cov
7、ering the 14 side of the war,writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers,not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated.His reports 16 the Willie cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Boh men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war,the 18 of civilization that the so
8、ldiers shared with each other and the civilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19 Egypt,France,and a dozen more countries,G.I.Joe was any American soldier,20 the most important person in their lives.-1-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料1.A servedB perforn记dC rebelledD betrayed2.A actualB commonC specialD nor
9、mal3.A loadedB easedC removedD bore4.A necessitiesB facilitiesC commoditiesD properties5.A andB norC butD hence6.A forB intoC fromD against7.A implyingB meaningC symbolizingD claiming8.A handed outB turned overC brought backD passed down9.A pushedB gotC madeD managed10.A everB neverC eitherD neither
10、11.A disguisedB disturbedC disputedD distinguished12.A companyB communityC collectionD colony13.A employedB appointedC interviewedD questioned14.A humanB militaryC politicalD ethical15.A ruinedB commutedC patrolledD gained16.A paralleledB counteractedC duplicatedD contradicted17.A neglectedB emphasi
11、zedC avoidedD admired18.A stagesB illusionsC fragmentsD advances19.A WithB ToCAmongD Beyond20.A on the contrary B by this means C from the outsetD at that pointSection II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D
12、.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)-2-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text 1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their think
13、ing on this educational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses,homework may no longer count for more than 10%of a students academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impove
14、rished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.But if the district is essentially giving a pass to stude
15、nts who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives,it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling;teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.
16、But with homework counting for no more than 10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests an
17、d did their homework?It is quite possible that the homework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework.If the district fi
18、nds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that t
19、he homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for setting educational policy,looks into th
20、e matter and conducts public hearings.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.-3-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料21.It is implied in Paragraph 1 that nowadays homework.A is receiving more criticismB is gaining more preferencesC is no longer an educational ritualD is not required for advanced cour
21、ses22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor studentsA tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB have asked for a different educational standardC may have problems finishing their homeworkD have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3
22、,one problem with the policy is that it may.A result in studentsindifference to their report cardsB undermine the authority of state testsC restrict teacherspower in educationD discourage students from doing homework24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4,a key question unanswered about homework 1swhetherA i
23、t should be eliminatedB it counts much in schoolingC it places extra burdens on teachersD it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could beAA Faulty Approach to HomeworkBA Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC Thorny Questions about HomeworkD Wrong Interpretations of an Educational P
24、olicy-4-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text2 Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives.It is not that pink is intrinsically bad,but it is such a tinv slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repea
25、tedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance.Then it presents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girlslives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may see
26、m unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it is not.Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter,since the only way o
27、f getting clothes clean was to boil them.Whats more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.Blue,with its intimations
28、 of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolised femininity.It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls,part of what defined them
29、as female,at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological development.Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years
30、 of research into childrens behaviour:wrong.Tums out,according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that,in order to increase sales,they should create a third
31、 stepping stone between infant wear and older kids clothes.It was only after toddler became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.And one of the easiest ways
32、to segment a market is to magnify gender differencesor invent them where they did not previously exist.-5-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料26.By saying it isthe rainbow(Line 3,Para.1),the author means pink.A cannot explain girlslack ofimaginationB should not be associated with girlsinnocenceC should not be the so
33、le representation of girlhoodD cannot influence girlslives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true of colours?A Colours are encoded in girlsDNA.B Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C White is preferred by babies.D Pink used to be a neutral colour in symb
34、olising genders.28.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological developmentwas much influenced by.A the observation of childrens natureB the marketing of products for childrenC researches into childrens behaviourD studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4
35、 that department stores were advised toA classify consumers into smaller groupsB attach equal importance to different gendersC focus on infant wear and older kidsclothesD create some common shoppersterms30.It can be concluded that girlsattraction to pink seems to be A fully understood by clothing ma
36、nufacturersB clearly explained by their inborn tendencyC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological experts-6-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text3 In 2010,a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core.Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005
37、 some 20%of human genes were patented.But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a preliminary step in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved,at
38、 least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But
39、 as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than re
40、ward it;and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads.A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule
41、is no less a product of naturethan are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.Despite the appeals courts decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet r
42、each the Supreme Court.As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA moleculesmost are already patented or in the public domain.Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might
43、be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy.Companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dots,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in i
44、ts next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.-7-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料31.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like.A genes to be patentable B the BIO to issue a warni
45、ng C their executives to be active D judges to rule out gene patenting 32.Those who are against gene patents believe that.A genetic tests are not reliable B only man-made products are patentable C patents on genes depend much on innovation D courts should restrict access to genetic tests 33.Accordin
46、g to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for.A discovering gene interactions B establishing disease correlations C drawing pictures of genes D identifying human DNA 34.By saying Each meeting was packed(Line 4,Para.6),the author means that A the supreme court was authoritative B the BIO was
47、 a powerful organisation C gene patenting was a great concern D lawyers were keen to attend conventions 35.Generally speaking,the authors attitude toward gene patenting is.A critical B supportive C scornful D objective -8-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text4 The great recession may be over,but this era of high
48、joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings
49、in this national economic disaster.Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways:they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better of
50、f.At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian
