1、Designation:D818218Standard Test Method forAlloy Classification of Wear Debris using Laser-InducedBreakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8182;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a means for quantitativedetermination of wear debris found in in-service lubricants
3、bylaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).LIBS is ananalytical technology that uses short laser pulses to createmicro hot-plasma ablation of a material and then employsspectroscopic tools for analysis.21.2 This method covers the means for alloy classificationand sizing of wear debris.Wear debris
4、sources can include,butare not limited to:(1)chip collector and chip detector devices,(2)filters,(3)ferrograms,and(4)loose particles.The 23 testedalloys and metals included in the default material library of theinstrument are listed in Table 1.1.3 The method for alloy classification and sizing of we
5、ardebris is not limited to the list of alloys in Table 1.Theinstrument has the capability of including additional alloys andmetals as required.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport
6、 to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was de
7、veloped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Docum
8、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D7669 Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data TrendAnalysisD7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand AlarmLimits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipmentand Oil for Fitness and ContaminationE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Me
9、thods3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 alloy,nunique composition of two or more metalsthat has one or more of the metals treated or processed in aspecial way to confer enhanced performance characteristics onthe resulting material.3.1.2 debris,nsolid particulate matter introduced to lubri-cant(or ma
10、chinery/equipment fluid)through contamination ordetached from a surface due to wear,corrosion,or erosionprocess.3.1.3 in-service oil,nlubricating oil that is present in amachine that has been at operating temperature for at least onehour.3.1.4 wear,ndamage to a solid surface,usually involvingprogres
11、sive loss or displacement of material,due to relativemotion between that surface and a contacting substance orsubstances.3.1.5 wear debris,nparticles that have become detachedin wear or erosion processes.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 alloy classification,nthe automated pro
12、cess thatuses the LIBS technology in conjunction with an artificialneural network(ANN)to determine the specific alloy or alloygrouping for a given sample.3.2.2 alloy grouping,nwithin a given LIBS training set,when two or more alloys are significantly similar in elemental1This test method is under th
13、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.96.06 on Practices and Techniques for Prediction and Determi-nation of Microscopic Wear and Wear-related Properties.Current edition approved June 1,2018.Published
14、 July 2018.DOI:10.1520/D8182-18.2Hill,R.,Lawrence,R.,Toms,A.;“A New Approach to Elemental and WearDebris Analysis,”STLE,Las Vegas,NV,2016.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
15、rmation,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization es
16、tablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 composition,the alloy classification capabilities of the instru-ment may not be able to distinguish them as separate orindividual alloys;when this occurs,such alloys are combinedunder a more general classification referred to as an“alloygrouping”(for example,52100 and 4130 may be combinedwithin a single
