1、Designation:D 5152 91Standard Practice forWater Extraction of Residual Solids From Degraded Plasticsfor Toxicity Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5152;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the y
2、ear of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice provides a procedure for leaching residualsolids from degraded plastics,yielding an aqueous solutionw
3、hich can be used to determine the aquatic toxicity of thematerials leached under the specified test conditions,anddetermine the materials extractable under nonspecified testingconditions.This practice may be used in conjunction with TestMethods D 4229,E 1192,E 1295 or other currently acceptedtoxicit
4、y test methods(see OECD Guideline 203 or 40FR 797).1.2 This practice provides for the shaking of a knownweight of photodegraded plastic with water of specified com-position(see Terminology D 1129)and the separation of theaqueous phase(extract)for analysis.It describes the collectionof samples from b
5、iodegradation and chemodegradation tests tobe used for further analyses.In the event that a particularsample does not pass the toxicity test,chemical characteriza-tion of the degradation products can be performed on theaqueous extract to determine the source of the toxicity.Thedescription of the per
6、formance of these analyses is beyond thescope of this practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b
7、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water2D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water2D 4229 Practice for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Testson Wastewater with Daphnia3E 729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests withFish
8、es,Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians3E 1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests onAqueous Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates andAmphibians3E 1295 Guide for Conducting Three-Brood Renewal Toxic-ity Tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia32.2Other Standard:OECD Guideline 203,Fish,Acute Toxicity Test
9、 40FR797A(USEPA),A Variety of Toxicity Testing Procedures43.Terminology3.1 For definitions and terms used in this practice,seeTerminology D 1129 and the terminology sections in PracticeD 4229 and Guide E 729.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means of obtainingan extract
10、from the residual solids of degraded plastics.Theextract may be used to estimate the release of certain constitu-ents of degradable plastics under the laboratory conditionsdescribed in this procedure and the toxicity,or both,of thesereleases to aquatic organisms.4.2 Some photodegradable plastic degr
11、adation test methodsinvolve accelerated light exposure of plastic in an apparatuswhich may include cyclic applications of water spray,mist orcondensation.However,for the purpose of this practice,theexposure of the plastic should be performed dry,with themoisture cycle turned off.This prevents premat
12、ure elution ofsoluble degradation products from the plastic,and limitsextraneous sources of contamination.4.3 In plastic degradation test methods that are water based,the water utilized in the test method should be collected,preserved and stored in accordance with acceptable proceduresfor the specif
13、ic chemical characterizations or toxicity assays tobe carried out.Specific procedures for collection,preservation,and storage of these liquids are beyond the scope of thispractice.4.4 This practice is not intended to simulate any or all of thesite specific leaching conditions to which degraded plast
14、icsmay be subjected.It has not been scientifically demonstrated torepresent actual disposal-site leaching conditions such asoceans,beaches,soils,compost heaps,or landfills.4.5 This practice is end-point specific as written,in that it isfocused on a post-degradation analysis.Water collection andstora
15、ge as recommended here allows for further qualitative andquantitative toxicological testing procedures which are beyond1Precision and Bias This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD-20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 onEnvironmentally Degradable Pl
16、astics.Current edition approved July 15,1991.Published September 1991.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.04.4Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washington D.C.20402.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMNOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact
