1、Designation:B28188(Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forPreparation of Copper and Copper-Base Alloys forElectroplating and Conversion Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B281;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the ca
2、se of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This practi
3、ce is intended to serve as a guide for theproper preparation of copper and its alloys for electroplatingand conversion coating.This practice is also suitable for usebefore autocatalytic plating.Only alloys containing at least 50mass%copper are considered within the scope of this practice.1.2 The wid
4、e variety of methods of mechanical finishing arenot considered strictly as preparation for electroplating orconversion coating and consequently are described onlybriefly.1.3 Details of electroplating and subsequent treatments forapplying conversion coatings are not within the scope of thispractice.1
5、.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specifichazar
6、d statement,see 6.5.2.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D322 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Distillation3.Significance and Use3.1 The proper preparation of copper and copper alloysurfaces for electroplating,conversion coating,or autocatalyticplating is often
7、critical to the performance of the coatings.3.2 This practice outlines procedures required to producesatisfactory coatings on surfaces of copper and copper alloysurfaces.4.Process Chemicals4.1 All process chemicals are of technical grade or better.Acid solutions are prepared from grade chemicals as
8、listed inAppendix X1.4.2 Purity of WaterHigh quality water is not normallyrequired to make up and maintain the solutions utilized in thispractice.If reused or recycled water from waste treatmentprocesses or from other in-plant sources is to be used,it shouldbe relatively free of chromium salts,oil,w
9、etting agents,orinsoluble materials.Excessively hard water can decrease thelife and performance of many cleaning solutions and makeparts more difficult to rinse completely.5.General Considerations5.1 Removal of OxidesOxides can be removed from asfabricated,annealed,or heat-treated alloys by abrasive
10、 meth-ods such as tumbling,burnishing,and emery set-up wheelpolishing and by chemical methods,such as deoxidizingsolutions,bright dips,and cyanide dips.The choice of methodis dependent on the resultant surface finish required,amount ofoxide to be removed,and the end-use properties of the articlefini
11、shed.5.2 Castings and ForgingsCastings and forgings requiringabrasive methods to produce a desired surface finish do notnecessarily need pickling or bright dipping.If pickled,brightdipped,or deoxidized,however,castings and other porousparts should be thoroughly rinsed between operations to avoidor m
12、inimize staining or stain spots.Castings or forgingsprocessed in solutions containing wetting agents,which are inmany proprietary products or which may be added by theindividual,usually require greater care in rinsing.5.3 Stampings and Drawn ProductsStampings and drawnwork follow the same rule as ca
13、stings and forgings except,foreconomy considerations,it may be advisable to pickle ordeoxidize before abrasive finishing if heavy oxides are present.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallicand Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.0
14、2 onPre Treatment.Current edition approved Dec.1,2013.Published December 2013.Originallyapproved in 1953.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B281 88(2008).DOI:10.1520/B0281-88R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
15、rg.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.4 Cold-Headed and Progressive Die ProductsCold-headed products and pr
16、ogressive die products often requirerelief annealing to avoid subsequent season cracking.5.5 Screw Machine ProductsScrew machine productsmay be readily electroplated with only mild cleaning and aciddipping as they are produced from the machines.Abrasivemethods may be applied as appropriate before cleaning andacid dipping.6.Preparation for Electroplating and ConversionCoating6.1 Outlines of Typical Preparatory Cycles:6.1.1 Vapor degrease or alkaline clean or emulsion soakclean,or tumble clean,6.1
