1、第4讲 词句猜测题 词句猜测题根本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。词句猜测题根本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。阅读文章时阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来,这是阅读这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。理解中经常检测的一种能力。【明命题方式】【明命题方式】(1)The phrase“.in the sentence could be replaced by_.(2)The word“.in the paragraph refers to _.(3)What is the meaning
2、 of the underlined word in the paragraph/What does the underlined word mean (4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“.(5)The word“.most nearly means _.(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that _.【知考查角度】【知考查角度】(1)猜测生词或熟词生义猜测生词或熟词生义;(2)猜测短语的意义猜测短语的意义;(3)猜
3、测替代词所替代的内容猜测替代词所替代的内容(如如it,one,they,this,that,these,those 等等);(4)猜测句意。猜测句意。【晓解题捷径】【晓解题捷径】考生除了必须熟练掌握大纲中规定的词汇外考生除了必须熟练掌握大纲中规定的词汇外,要注意积要注意积累生词和短语累生词和短语,掌握构词法的知识掌握构词法的知识,还要学会根据上下还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测文语境进行合理推测,掌握一定的做题技巧。常见的技掌握一定的做题技巧。常见的技巧有巧有:(1)利用例证进行猜测利用例证进行猜测(2)利用逻辑关系进行猜测利用逻辑关系进行猜测(3)利用同位关系进行猜测利用同位关系进行猜测(
4、4)利用上下文的指代关系进行猜测利用上下文的指代关系进行猜测(5)利用构词法进行猜测利用构词法进行猜测(6)利用同义或近义关系进行猜测利用同义或近义关系进行猜测(7)利用反义、转折或比照关系进行猜测利用反义、转折或比照关系进行猜测 技法技法1 利用例证猜词利用例证猜词 为了说明或证实为了说明或证实,文章中经常会举例说明前面较文章中经常会举例说明前面较难理解的词难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生猜测生词。举例时这些例子可帮助考生猜测生词。举例时,常常会用一些连接性的词常常会用一些连接性的词,如如such as,like,for example,for instance等。等。【典例】【典例】(202
5、2 全国卷全国卷 C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit (联系联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some lang
6、uage experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centur
7、ies,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are incre
8、asingly taking over.Which of the following best explains“dominant underlined in Paragraph 2 A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.【技法点金】【技法点金】第一步第一步:阅读题干阅读题干,找出关键词找出关键词:dominant 第二步第二步:迅速定位原文信息迅速定位原文信息and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over处处,such a
9、s English,Spanish and Chinese就就 是对是对dominant languages的例证的例证,再结合常识可知再结合常识可知,现在现在 占据统治地位的语言有英语、西班牙语和汉语。占据统治地位的语言有英语、西班牙语和汉语。第三步第三步:仔细比照选项仔细比照选项,应选应选_。C 技法技法2 利用逻辑关系猜词利用逻辑关系猜词 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。考生可以都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。考生可以利用上下文提供的语境和线索利用上下文提供的语境和线索,进行符合逻辑的综合进行符
10、合逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。常见的上下文之间的关系有分析进而推测词义。常见的上下文之间的关系有:因因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系等。果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系等。【典例】【典例】(2022 全国卷全国卷B).“China is impossible to overlook,says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world,which means Chinese women are not ju
11、st consumers of fashion they are central to its movement.Of course,not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobsand beating them
12、hands down in design and sales,adds Hill.What do the underlined words“taking on in Paragraph 4 mean A.learning from B.looking down on C.working with D.competing against【技法点金】【技法点金】第一步第一步:阅读题干阅读题干,找出题干关键词找出题干关键词:taking on 第二步第二步:阅读原文阅读原文,迅速定位原文第四段最后一句话画迅速定位原文第四段最后一句话画线局部后面的“线局部后面的“and beating them ha
13、nds down in design and sales可知可知,Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu在设计和销售上击败他们在设计和销售上击败他们,可以猜测出可以猜测出and前前的的take on的意思是“与的意思是“与竞争。竞争。第三步第三步:仔细比照选项仔细比照选项,应选应选_。D 技法技法3 利用同位关系猜词利用同位关系猜词 同位关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同位关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分同一成分,而且它们的词义属于同一范畴。只要认出而且它们的词义属于同一范畴。只要认出其中一个或几个词或短语其中一个或几个词或短语,即可以确定同等关
14、系中生即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性、作用和大概的意思。常见的表示同等关系词的词性、作用和大概的意思。常见的表示同等关系的信号词有的信号词有:or,namely,that is,in other words,that is to say,to be more exact,to put in another way等。等。【典例】【典例】(2022 浙江卷浙江卷 B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmenta
15、l scientist who studies how to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every ye
16、ar.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台收银台).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.What does the word“headwindsin paragraph 2 refer to A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage
